資料庫活動串流的稽核日誌內容和範例 - Amazon Relational Database Service

本文為英文版的機器翻譯版本,如內容有任何歧義或不一致之處,概以英文版為準。

資料庫活動串流的稽核日誌內容和範例

受監控的事件會以 JSON 字串的形式在資料庫活動串流中顯示。此結構包含 JSON 物件,內含的 DatabaseActivityMonitoringRecord 會依序包含活動事件的 databaseActivityEventList 陣列。

注意

對於資料庫活動串流,paramListJSON 陣列不包含休眠應用程式的 null 值。

活動串流的稽核記錄範例

以下是活動事件記錄的範例解密 JSON 稽核日誌。

範例 a CONNECT SQL 陳述式 的活動事件記錄

以下活動事件記錄顯示 JDBC 精簡用戶端 (clientApplication) 使用 CONNECT SQL 陳述式 (command) 登入您的 Oracle 資料庫

{ "class": "Standard", "clientApplication": "JDBC Thin Client", "command": "LOGON", "commandText": null, "dbid": "0123456789", "databaseName": "ORCL", "dbProtocol": "oracle", "dbUserName": "TEST", "endTime": null, "errorMessage": null, "exitCode": 0, "logTime": "2021-01-15 00:15:36.233787", "netProtocol": "tcp", "objectName": null, "objectType": null, "paramList": [], "pid": 17904, "remoteHost": "123.456.789.012", "remotePort": "25440", "rowCount": null, "serverHost": "987.654.321.098", "serverType": "oracle", "serverVersion": "19.0.0.0.ru-2020-01.rur-2020-01.r1.EE.3", "serviceName": "oracle-ee", "sessionId": 987654321, "startTime": null, "statementId": 1, "substatementId": null, "transactionId": "0000000000000000", "engineNativeAuditFields": { "UNIFIED_AUDIT_POLICIES": "TEST_POL_EVERYTHING", "FGA_POLICY_NAME": null, "DV_OBJECT_STATUS": null, "SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE_USED": "CREATE SESSION", "OLS_LABEL_COMPONENT_TYPE": null, "XS_SESSIONID": null, "ADDITIONAL_INFO": null, "INSTANCE_ID": 1, "DBID": 123456789 "DV_COMMENT": null, "RMAN_SESSION_STAMP": null, "NEW_NAME": null, "DV_ACTION_NAME": null, "OLS_PROGRAM_UNIT_NAME": null, "OLS_STRING_LABEL": null, "RMAN_SESSION_RECID": null, "OBJECT_PRIVILEGES": null, "OLS_OLD_VALUE": null, "XS_TARGET_PRINCIPAL_NAME": null, "XS_NS_ATTRIBUTE": null, "XS_NS_NAME": null, "DBLINK_INFO": null, "AUTHENTICATION_TYPE": "(TYPE\u003d(DATABASE));(CLIENT ADDRESS\u003d((ADDRESS\u003d(PROTOCOL\u003dtcp)(HOST\u003d205.251.233.183)(PORT\u003d25440))));", "OBJECT_EDITION": null, "OLS_PRIVILEGES_GRANTED": null, "EXCLUDED_USER": null, "DV_ACTION_OBJECT_NAME": null, "OLS_LABEL_COMPONENT_NAME": null, "EXCLUDED_SCHEMA": null, "DP_TEXT_PARAMETERS1": null, "XS_USER_NAME": null, "XS_ENABLED_ROLE": null, "XS_NS_ATTRIBUTE_NEW_VAL": null, "DIRECT_PATH_NUM_COLUMNS_LOADED": null, "AUDIT_OPTION": null, "DV_EXTENDED_ACTION_CODE": null, "XS_PACKAGE_NAME": null, "OLS_NEW_VALUE": null, "DV_RETURN_CODE": null, "XS_CALLBACK_EVENT_TYPE": null, "USERHOST": "a1b2c3d4e5f6.amazon.com", "GLOBAL_USERID": null, "CLIENT_IDENTIFIER": null, "RMAN_OPERATION": null, "TERMINAL": "unknown", "OS_USERNAME": "sumepate", "OLS_MAX_READ_LABEL": null, "XS_PROXY_USER_NAME": null, "XS_DATASEC_POLICY_NAME": null, "DV_FACTOR_CONTEXT": null, "OLS_MAX_WRITE_LABEL": null, "OLS_PARENT_GROUP_NAME": null, "EXCLUDED_OBJECT": null, "DV_RULE_SET_NAME": null, "EXTERNAL_USERID": null, "EXECUTION_ID": null, "ROLE": null, "PROXY_SESSIONID": 0, "DP_BOOLEAN_PARAMETERS1": null, "OLS_POLICY_NAME": null, "OLS_GRANTEE": null, "OLS_MIN_WRITE_LABEL": null, "APPLICATION_CONTEXTS": null, "XS_SCHEMA_NAME": null, "DV_GRANTEE": null, "XS_COOKIE": null, "DBPROXY_USERNAME": null, "DV_ACTION_CODE": null, "OLS_PRIVILEGES_USED": null, "RMAN_DEVICE_TYPE": null, "XS_NS_ATTRIBUTE_OLD_VAL": null, "TARGET_USER": null, "XS_ENTITY_TYPE": null, "ENTRY_ID": 1, "XS_PROCEDURE_NAME": null, "XS_INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT": null, "RMAN_OBJECT_TYPE": null, "SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE": null, "NEW_SCHEMA": null, "SCN": 5124715 } }

下列活動事件記錄顯示 SQL Server 資料庫的登入失敗。

{ "type": "DatabaseActivityMonitoringRecord", "clusterId": "", "instanceId": "db-4JCWQLUZVFYP7DIWP6JVQ77O3Q", "databaseActivityEventList": [ { "class": "LOGIN", "clientApplication": "Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio", "command": "LOGIN FAILED", "commandText": "Login failed for user 'test'. Reason: Password did not match that for the login provided. [CLIENT: local-machine]", "databaseName": "", "dbProtocol": "SQLSERVER", "dbUserName": "test", "endTime": null, "errorMessage": null, "exitCode": 0, "logTime": "2022-10-06 21:34:42.7113072+00", "netProtocol": null, "objectName": "", "objectType": "LOGIN", "paramList": null, "pid": null, "remoteHost": "local machine", "remotePort": null, "rowCount": 0, "serverHost": "172.31.30.159", "serverType": "SQLSERVER", "serverVersion": "15.00.4073.23.v1.R1", "serviceName": "sqlserver-ee", "sessionId": 0, "startTime": null, "statementId": "0x1eb0d1808d34a94b9d3dcf5432750f02", "substatementId": 1, "transactionId": "0", "type": "record", "engineNativeAuditFields": { "target_database_principal_id": 0, "target_server_principal_id": 0, "target_database_principal_name": "", "server_principal_id": 0, "user_defined_information": "", "response_rows": 0, "database_principal_name": "", "target_server_principal_name": "", "schema_name": "", "is_column_permission": false, "object_id": 0, "server_instance_name": "EC2AMAZ-NFUJJNO", "target_server_principal_sid": null, "additional_information": "<action_info "xmlns=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2008/sqlaudit_data\"><pooled_connection>0</pooled_connection><error>0x00004818</error><state>8</state><address>local machine</address><PasswordFirstNibbleHash>B</PasswordFirstNibbleHash></action_info>"-->, "duration_milliseconds": 0, "permission_bitmask": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000", "data_sensitivity_information": "", "session_server_principal_name": "", "connection_id": "98B4F537-0F82-49E3-AB08-B9D33B5893EF", "audit_schema_version": 1, "database_principal_id": 0, "server_principal_sid": null, "user_defined_event_id": 0, "host_name": "EC2AMAZ-NFUJJNO" } } ] }
注意

若未啟用資料庫活動串流,則 JSON 文件中的最後一個欄位為 "engineNativeAuditFields": { }

範例 CREATE TABLE 陳述式的活動事件記錄

以下是 您 Oracle 資料庫CREATE TABLE 事件範例。

{ "class": "Standard", "clientApplication": "sqlplus@ip-12-34-5-678 (TNS V1-V3)", "command": "CREATE TABLE", "commandText": "CREATE TABLE persons(\n person_id NUMBER GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY,\n first_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,\n last_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,\n PRIMARY KEY(person_id)\n)", "dbid": "0123456789", "databaseName": "ORCL", "dbProtocol": "oracle", "dbUserName": "TEST", "endTime": null, "errorMessage": null, "exitCode": 0, "logTime": "2021-01-15 00:22:49.535239", "netProtocol": "beq", "objectName": "PERSONS", "objectType": "TEST", "paramList": [], "pid": 17687, "remoteHost": "123.456.789.0", "remotePort": null, "rowCount": null, "serverHost": "987.654.321.01", "serverType": "oracle", "serverVersion": "19.0.0.0.ru-2020-01.rur-2020-01.r1.EE.3", "serviceName": "oracle-ee", "sessionId": 1234567890, "startTime": null, "statementId": 43, "substatementId": null, "transactionId": "090011007F0D0000", "engineNativeAuditFields": { "UNIFIED_AUDIT_POLICIES": "TEST_POL_EVERYTHING", "FGA_POLICY_NAME": null, "DV_OBJECT_STATUS": null, "SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE_USED": "CREATE SEQUENCE, CREATE TABLE", "OLS_LABEL_COMPONENT_TYPE": null, "XS_SESSIONID": null, "ADDITIONAL_INFO": null, "INSTANCE_ID": 1, "DV_COMMENT": null, "RMAN_SESSION_STAMP": null, "NEW_NAME": null, "DV_ACTION_NAME": null, "OLS_PROGRAM_UNIT_NAME": null, "OLS_STRING_LABEL": null, "RMAN_SESSION_RECID": null, "OBJECT_PRIVILEGES": null, "OLS_OLD_VALUE": null, "XS_TARGET_PRINCIPAL_NAME": null, "XS_NS_ATTRIBUTE": null, "XS_NS_NAME": null, "DBLINK_INFO": null, "AUTHENTICATION_TYPE": "(TYPE\u003d(DATABASE));(CLIENT ADDRESS\u003d((PROTOCOL\u003dbeq)(HOST\u003d123.456.789.0)));", "OBJECT_EDITION": null, "OLS_PRIVILEGES_GRANTED": null, "EXCLUDED_USER": null, "DV_ACTION_OBJECT_NAME": null, "OLS_LABEL_COMPONENT_NAME": null, "EXCLUDED_SCHEMA": null, "DP_TEXT_PARAMETERS1": null, "XS_USER_NAME": null, "XS_ENABLED_ROLE": null, "XS_NS_ATTRIBUTE_NEW_VAL": null, "DIRECT_PATH_NUM_COLUMNS_LOADED": null, "AUDIT_OPTION": null, "DV_EXTENDED_ACTION_CODE": null, "XS_PACKAGE_NAME": null, "OLS_NEW_VALUE": null, "DV_RETURN_CODE": null, "XS_CALLBACK_EVENT_TYPE": null, "USERHOST": "ip-10-13-0-122", "GLOBAL_USERID": null, "CLIENT_IDENTIFIER": null, "RMAN_OPERATION": null, "TERMINAL": "pts/1", "OS_USERNAME": "rdsdb", "OLS_MAX_READ_LABEL": null, "XS_PROXY_USER_NAME": null, "XS_DATASEC_POLICY_NAME": null, "DV_FACTOR_CONTEXT": null, "OLS_MAX_WRITE_LABEL": null, "OLS_PARENT_GROUP_NAME": null, "EXCLUDED_OBJECT": null, "DV_RULE_SET_NAME": null, "EXTERNAL_USERID": null, "EXECUTION_ID": null, "ROLE": null, "PROXY_SESSIONID": 0, "DP_BOOLEAN_PARAMETERS1": null, "OLS_POLICY_NAME": null, "OLS_GRANTEE": null, "OLS_MIN_WRITE_LABEL": null, "APPLICATION_CONTEXTS": null, "XS_SCHEMA_NAME": null, "DV_GRANTEE": null, "XS_COOKIE": null, "DBPROXY_USERNAME": null, "DV_ACTION_CODE": null, "OLS_PRIVILEGES_USED": null, "RMAN_DEVICE_TYPE": null, "XS_NS_ATTRIBUTE_OLD_VAL": null, "TARGET_USER": null, "XS_ENTITY_TYPE": null, "ENTRY_ID": 12, "XS_PROCEDURE_NAME": null, "XS_INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT": null, "RMAN_OBJECT_TYPE": null, "SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE": null, "NEW_SCHEMA": null, "SCN": 5133083 } }

以下範例顯示 SQL Server 資料庫的 CREATE TABLE 事件。

{ "type": "DatabaseActivityMonitoringRecord", "clusterId": "", "instanceId": "db-4JCWQLUZVFYP7DIWP6JVQ77O3Q", "databaseActivityEventList": [ { "class": "SCHEMA", "clientApplication": "Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio - Query", "command": "ALTER", "commandText": "Create table [testDB].[dbo].[TestTable2](\r\ntextA varchar(6000),\r\n textB varchar(6000)\r\n)", "databaseName": "testDB", "dbProtocol": "SQLSERVER", "dbUserName": "test", "endTime": null, "errorMessage": null, "exitCode": 1, "logTime": "2022-10-06 21:44:38.4120677+00", "netProtocol": null, "objectName": "dbo", "objectType": "SCHEMA", "paramList": null, "pid": null, "remoteHost": "local machine", "remotePort": null, "rowCount": 0, "serverHost": "172.31.30.159", "serverType": "SQLSERVER", "serverVersion": "15.00.4073.23.v1.R1", "serviceName": "sqlserver-ee", "sessionId": 84, "startTime": null, "statementId": "0x5178d33d56e95e419558b9607158a5bd", "substatementId": 1, "transactionId": "4561864", "type": "record", "engineNativeAuditFields": { "target_database_principal_id": 0, "target_server_principal_id": 0, "target_database_principal_name": "", "server_principal_id": 2, "user_defined_information": "", "response_rows": 0, "database_principal_name": "dbo", "target_server_principal_name": "", "schema_name": "", "is_column_permission": false, "object_id": 1, "server_instance_name": "EC2AMAZ-NFUJJNO", "target_server_principal_sid": null, "additional_information": "", "duration_milliseconds": 0, "permission_bitmask": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000", "data_sensitivity_information": "", "session_server_principal_name": "test", "connection_id": "EE1FE3FD-EF2C-41FD-AF45-9051E0CD983A", "audit_schema_version": 1, "database_principal_id": 1, "server_principal_sid": "0x010500000000000515000000bdc2795e2d0717901ba6998cf4010000", "user_defined_event_id": 0, "host_name": "EC2AMAZ-NFUJJNO" } } ] }
範例 SELECT 陳述式的活動事件記錄

下列範例顯示 Oracle 資料庫SELECT 事件。

{ "class": "Standard", "clientApplication": "sqlplus@ip-12-34-5-678 (TNS V1-V3)", "command": "SELECT", "commandText": "select count(*) from persons", "databaseName": "1234567890", "dbProtocol": "oracle", "dbUserName": "TEST", "endTime": null, "errorMessage": null, "exitCode": 0, "logTime": "2021-01-15 00:25:18.850375", "netProtocol": "beq", "objectName": "PERSONS", "objectType": "TEST", "paramList": [], "pid": 17687, "remoteHost": "123.456.789.0", "remotePort": null, "rowCount": null, "serverHost": "987.654.321.09", "serverType": "oracle", "serverVersion": "19.0.0.0.ru-2020-01.rur-2020-01.r1.EE.3", "serviceName": "oracle-ee", "sessionId": 1080639707, "startTime": null, "statementId": 44, "substatementId": null, "transactionId": null, "engineNativeAuditFields": { "UNIFIED_AUDIT_POLICIES": "TEST_POL_EVERYTHING", "FGA_POLICY_NAME": null, "DV_OBJECT_STATUS": null, "SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE_USED": null, "OLS_LABEL_COMPONENT_TYPE": null, "XS_SESSIONID": null, "ADDITIONAL_INFO": null, "INSTANCE_ID": 1, "DV_COMMENT": null, "RMAN_SESSION_STAMP": null, "NEW_NAME": null, "DV_ACTION_NAME": null, "OLS_PROGRAM_UNIT_NAME": null, "OLS_STRING_LABEL": null, "RMAN_SESSION_RECID": null, "OBJECT_PRIVILEGES": null, "OLS_OLD_VALUE": null, "XS_TARGET_PRINCIPAL_NAME": null, "XS_NS_ATTRIBUTE": null, "XS_NS_NAME": null, "DBLINK_INFO": null, "AUTHENTICATION_TYPE": "(TYPE\u003d(DATABASE));(CLIENT ADDRESS\u003d((PROTOCOL\u003dbeq)(HOST\u003d123.456.789.0)));", "OBJECT_EDITION": null, "OLS_PRIVILEGES_GRANTED": null, "EXCLUDED_USER": null, "DV_ACTION_OBJECT_NAME": null, "OLS_LABEL_COMPONENT_NAME": null, "EXCLUDED_SCHEMA": null, "DP_TEXT_PARAMETERS1": null, "XS_USER_NAME": null, "XS_ENABLED_ROLE": null, "XS_NS_ATTRIBUTE_NEW_VAL": null, "DIRECT_PATH_NUM_COLUMNS_LOADED": null, "AUDIT_OPTION": null, "DV_EXTENDED_ACTION_CODE": null, "XS_PACKAGE_NAME": null, "OLS_NEW_VALUE": null, "DV_RETURN_CODE": null, "XS_CALLBACK_EVENT_TYPE": null, "USERHOST": "ip-12-34-5-678", "GLOBAL_USERID": null, "CLIENT_IDENTIFIER": null, "RMAN_OPERATION": null, "TERMINAL": "pts/1", "OS_USERNAME": "rdsdb", "OLS_MAX_READ_LABEL": null, "XS_PROXY_USER_NAME": null, "XS_DATASEC_POLICY_NAME": null, "DV_FACTOR_CONTEXT": null, "OLS_MAX_WRITE_LABEL": null, "OLS_PARENT_GROUP_NAME": null, "EXCLUDED_OBJECT": null, "DV_RULE_SET_NAME": null, "EXTERNAL_USERID": null, "EXECUTION_ID": null, "ROLE": null, "PROXY_SESSIONID": 0, "DP_BOOLEAN_PARAMETERS1": null, "OLS_POLICY_NAME": null, "OLS_GRANTEE": null, "OLS_MIN_WRITE_LABEL": null, "APPLICATION_CONTEXTS": null, "XS_SCHEMA_NAME": null, "DV_GRANTEE": null, "XS_COOKIE": null, "DBPROXY_USERNAME": null, "DV_ACTION_CODE": null, "OLS_PRIVILEGES_USED": null, "RMAN_DEVICE_TYPE": null, "XS_NS_ATTRIBUTE_OLD_VAL": null, "TARGET_USER": null, "XS_ENTITY_TYPE": null, "ENTRY_ID": 13, "XS_PROCEDURE_NAME": null, "XS_INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT": null, "RMAN_OBJECT_TYPE": null, "SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE": null, "NEW_SCHEMA": null, "SCN": 5136972 } }

以下範例顯示 SQL Server 資料庫的 SELECT 事件。

{ "type": "DatabaseActivityMonitoringRecord", "clusterId": "", "instanceId": "db-4JCWQLUZVFYP7DIWP6JVQ77O3Q", "databaseActivityEventList": [ { "class": "TABLE", "clientApplication": "Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio - Query", "command": "SELECT", "commandText": "select * from [testDB].[dbo].[TestTable]", "databaseName": "testDB", "dbProtocol": "SQLSERVER", "dbUserName": "test", "endTime": null, "errorMessage": null, "exitCode": 1, "logTime": "2022-10-06 21:24:59.9422268+00", "netProtocol": null, "objectName": "TestTable", "objectType": "TABLE", "paramList": null, "pid": null, "remoteHost": "local machine", "remotePort": null, "rowCount": 0, "serverHost": "172.31.30.159", "serverType": "SQLSERVER", "serverVersion": "15.00.4073.23.v1.R1", "serviceName": "sqlserver-ee", "sessionId": 62, "startTime": null, "statementId": "0x03baed90412f564fad640ebe51f89b99", "substatementId": 1, "transactionId": "4532935", "type": "record", "engineNativeAuditFields": { "target_database_principal_id": 0, "target_server_principal_id": 0, "target_database_principal_name": "", "server_principal_id": 2, "user_defined_information": "", "response_rows": 0, "database_principal_name": "dbo", "target_server_principal_name": "", "schema_name": "dbo", "is_column_permission": true, "object_id": 581577110, "server_instance_name": "EC2AMAZ-NFUJJNO", "target_server_principal_sid": null, "additional_information": "", "duration_milliseconds": 0, "permission_bitmask": "0x00000000000000000000000000000001", "data_sensitivity_information": "", "session_server_principal_name": "test", "connection_id": "AD3A5084-FB83-45C1-8334-E923459A8109", "audit_schema_version": 1, "database_principal_id": 1, "server_principal_sid": "0x010500000000000515000000bdc2795e2d0717901ba6998cf4010000", "user_defined_event_id": 0, "host_name": "EC2AMAZ-NFUJJNO" } } ] }

DatabaseActivityMonitoringRecords JSON 物件

資料庫活動事件記錄位於 JSON 物件中,其中包含下列資訊。

JSON 欄位 資料類型 描述

type

string

JSON 記錄類型。值為 DatabaseActivityMonitoringRecords

version string 資料庫活動監控記錄的版本。Oracle 資料庫使用 1.3 版,SQL Server 則使用 1.4 版。這些引擎版本引入 engineNativeAuditFields JSON 物件。

databaseActivityEvents

string

包含活動事件的 JSON 物件。

金鑰 string 您用來解密 databaseActivityEventList JSON 陣列 的加密金鑰

databaseActivityEvents JSON 物件

databaseActivityEvents JSON 物件包含以下資訊。

JSON 記錄中的最上層欄位

稽核記錄檔中的每個事件都會包裝在 JSON 格式的記錄中。此記錄包含下列欄位。

type

此欄位永遠具有值 DatabaseActivityMonitoringRecords

version

此欄位代表資料庫活動串流資料通訊協定或合約的版本。其會定義哪些欄位可用。

databaseActivityEvents

代表一或多個活動事件的加密字串。它被表示為一個 base64 位元組陣列。在您解密字串時,結果會是 JSON 格式的記錄,其中包含欄位,如本節範例所示。

金鑰

用來加密 databaseActivityEvents 字串的加密資料金鑰。這 AWS KMS key 與您啟動資料庫活動串流時提供的相同。

下列範例顯示此記錄的格式。

{ "type":"DatabaseActivityMonitoringRecords", "version":"1.3", "databaseActivityEvents":"encrypted audit records", "key":"encrypted key" }
"type":"DatabaseActivityMonitoringRecords", "version":"1.4", "databaseActivityEvents":"encrypted audit records", "key":"encrypted key"

採取下列步驟來解密 databaseActivityEvents 欄位的內容:

  1. 使用您在啟動資料庫活動串流時提供的 KMS 金鑰,解密 key JSON 欄位中的值。這麼做會以純文字傳回資料加密金鑰。

  2. Base64 解碼 databaseActivityEvents JSON 欄位中的值,以取得稽核承載的二進位格式的加密文字。

  3. 使用您在第一個步驟中解碼的資料加密金鑰來解密二進位密文。

  4. 解壓縮已解密的承載。

    • 加密的承載在 databaseActivityEvents 欄位。

    • databaseActivityEventList 欄位包含稽核記錄的陣列。陣列中的 type 欄位可以是 recordheartbeat

稽核日誌活動事件記錄是包含以下資訊的 JSON 物件。

JSON 欄位 資料類型 描述

type

string

JSON 記錄類型。值為 DatabaseActivityMonitoringRecord

instanceId string 資料庫執行個體資源識別符。它對應於資料庫執行個體屬性 DbiResourceId

databaseActivityEventList JSON 陣列

string

活動稽核記錄或活動訊號訊息的陣列。