本文為英文版的機器翻譯版本，如內容有任何歧義或不一致之處，概以英文版為準。

# 任務事件
<a name="events-jobs"></a>

當 AWS IoT 任務待定、完成或取消，以及當裝置在執行任務時回報成功或失敗時，任務服務會發佈至 MQTT 通訊協定上的預留主題。藉由訂閱這些主題，裝置或管理及監控應用程式就能夠追蹤任務的狀態。

**如何啟用任務事件**  
來自 AWS IoT Jobs 服務的回應訊息不會透過訊息代理程式傳遞，也無法由其他用戶端或規則訂閱。若要訂閱任務活動相關的訊息，請使用 `notify` 和 `notify-next` 主題。如需任務主題的詳細資訊，請參閱 [任務主題](reserved-topics.md#reserved-topics-job)。

若要收到任務更新的通知，請使用 AWS 管理主控台或使用 API 或 CLI 來啟用這些任務事件。如需詳細資訊，請參閱[啟用 的事件 AWS IoT](iot-events.md#iot-events-enable)。

**任務事件的運作方式**  
由於取消和刪除任務可能需要一些時間，系統會傳送兩個訊息來表示請求開始和結束。例如，當取消請求開始時，系統會將訊息傳送到 `$aws/events/job/jobID/cancellation_in_progress` 主題。當取消請求完成時，系統會將訊息傳送到 `$aws/events/job/jobID/canceled` 主題。

任務刪除請求的程序亦同。管理及監控應用程式可以藉由訂閱這些主題，以追蹤任務的狀態。如需發佈與訂閱 MQTT 主題的詳細資訊，請參閱 [裝置通訊協定](protocols.md)。

**任務事件類型**  
下列範例顯示不同類型的任務事件：

**完成/取消/刪除的任務**  
當任務完成、取消、刪除或正在取消或刪除時， AWS IoT 任務服務會在 MQTT 主題上發佈訊息：  
+ `$aws/events/job/jobID/completed`
+ `$aws/events/job/jobID/canceled`
+ `$aws/events/job/jobID/deleted`
+ `$aws/events/job/jobID/cancellation_in_progress`
+ `$aws/events/job/jobID/deletion_in_progress`
`completed` 訊息包含的承載範例如下：  

```
{
  "eventType": "JOB",
  "eventId": "7364ffd1-8b65-4824-85d5-6c14686c97c6",
  "timestamp": 1234567890,
  "operation": "completed",
  "jobId": "27450507-bf6f-4012-92af-bb8a1c8c4484",
  "status": "COMPLETED",
  "targetSelection": "SNAPSHOT|CONTINUOUS",
  "targets": [
    "arn:aws:iot:us-east-1:123456789012:thing/a39f6f91-70cf-4bd2-a381-9c66df1a80d0",
    "arn:aws:iot:us-east-1:123456789012:thinggroup/2fc4c0a4-6e45-4525-a238-0fe8d3dd21bb"
  ],
  "description": "My Job Description",
  "completedAt": 1234567890123,
  "createdAt": 1234567890123,
  "lastUpdatedAt": 1234567890123,
  "jobProcessDetails": {
    "numberOfCanceledThings": 0,
    "numberOfRejectedThings": 0,
    "numberOfFailedThings": 0,
    "numberOfRemovedThings": 0,
    "numberOfSucceededThings": 3
  }
}
```
`canceled` 訊息包含的承載範例如下。  

```
{
  "eventType": "JOB",
  "eventId": "568d2ade-2e9c-46e6-a115-18afa1286b06",
  "timestamp": 1234567890,
  "operation": "canceled",
  "jobId": "4d2a531a-da2e-47bb-8b9e-ff5adcd53ef0",
  "status": "CANCELED",
  "targetSelection": "SNAPSHOT|CONTINUOUS",
  "targets": [
    "arn:aws:iot:us-east-1:123456789012:thing/Thing0-947b9c0c-ff10-4a80-b4b3-cd33d0145a0f",
    "arn:aws:iot:us-east-1:123456789012:thinggroup/ThingGroup1-95c644d5-1621-41a6-9aa5-ad2de581d18f"
  ],
  "description": "My job description",
  "createdAt": 1234567890123,
  "lastUpdatedAt": 1234567890123
}
```
`deleted` 訊息包含的承載範例如下。  

```
{
      "eventType": "JOB",
      "eventId": "568d2ade-2e9c-46e6-a115-18afa1286b06",
      "timestamp": 1234567890,
      "operation": "deleted",
      "jobId": "4d2a531a-da2e-47bb-8b9e-ff5adcd53ef0",
      "status": "DELETED",
      "targetSelection": "SNAPSHOT|CONTINUOUS",
      "targets": [
        "arn:aws:iot:us-east-1:123456789012:thing/Thing0-947b9c0c-ff10-4a80-b4b3-cd33d0145a0f",
        "arn:aws:iot:us-east-1:123456789012:thinggroup/ThingGroup1-95c644d5-1621-41a6-9aa5-ad2de581d18f"
      ],
      "description": "My job description",
      "createdAt": 1234567890123,
      "lastUpdatedAt": 1234567890123,
      "comment": "Comment for this operation"
    }
```
`cancellation_in_progress` 訊息包含的承載範例如下：  

```
{
      "eventType": "JOB",
      "eventId": "568d2ade-2e9c-46e6-a115-18afa1286b06",
      "timestamp": 1234567890,
      "operation": "cancellation_in_progress",
      "jobId": "4d2a531a-da2e-47bb-8b9e-ff5adcd53ef0",
      "status": "CANCELLATION_IN_PROGRESS",
      "targetSelection": "SNAPSHOT|CONTINUOUS",
      "targets": [
        "arn:aws:iot:us-east-1:123456789012:thing/Thing0-947b9c0c-ff10-4a80-b4b3-cd33d0145a0f",
        "arn:aws:iot:us-east-1:123456789012:thinggroup/ThingGroup1-95c644d5-1621-41a6-9aa5-ad2de581d18f"
      ],
      "description": "My job description",
      "createdAt": 1234567890123,
      "lastUpdatedAt": 1234567890123,
      "comment": "Comment for this operation"
    }
```
`deletion_in_progress` 訊息包含的承載範例如下：  

```
{
      "eventType": "JOB",
      "eventId": "568d2ade-2e9c-46e6-a115-18afa1286b06",
      "timestamp": 1234567890,
      "operation": "deletion_in_progress",
      "jobId": "4d2a531a-da2e-47bb-8b9e-ff5adcd53ef0",
      "status": "DELETION_IN_PROGRESS",
      "targetSelection": "SNAPSHOT|CONTINUOUS",
      "targets": [
        "arn:aws:iot:us-east-1:123456789012:thing/Thing0-947b9c0c-ff10-4a80-b4b3-cd33d0145a0f",
        "arn:aws:iot:us-east-1:123456789012:thinggroup/ThingGroup1-95c644d5-1621-41a6-9aa5-ad2de581d18f"
      ],
      "description": "My job description",
      "createdAt": 1234567890123,
      "lastUpdatedAt": 1234567890123,
      "comment": "Comment for this operation"
    }
```

**任務執行結束狀態**  
當裝置將任務執行更新為終端機狀態時， AWS IoT 任務服務會發佈訊息：  
+ `$aws/events/jobExecution/jobID/succeeded`
+ `$aws/events/jobExecution/jobID/failed`
+ `$aws/events/jobExecution/jobID/rejected`
+ `$aws/events/jobExecution/jobID/canceled`
+ `$aws/events/jobExecution/jobID/timed_out`
+ `$aws/events/jobExecution/jobID/removed`
+ `$aws/events/jobExecution/jobID/deleted`
訊息包含的承載範例如下：  

```
{
  "eventType": "JOB_EXECUTION",
  "eventId": "cca89fa5-8a7f-4ced-8c20-5e653afb3572",
  "timestamp": 1234567890,
  "operation": "succeeded|failed|rejected|canceled|removed|timed_out",
  "jobId": "154b39e5-60b0-48a4-9b73-f6f8dd032d27",
  "thingArn": "arn:aws:iot:us-east-1:123456789012:myThing/6d639fbc-8f85-4a90-924d-a2867f8366a7",
  "status": "SUCCEEDED|FAILED|REJECTED|CANCELED|REMOVED|TIMED_OUT",
  "statusDetails": {
    "key": "value"
  }
}
```