$near - Amazon DocumentDB

本文為英文版的機器翻譯版本,如內容有任何歧義或不一致之處,概以英文版為準。

$near

Amazon DocumentDB 中的$near運算子用於尋找地理位置接近指定點的文件。它會傳回依距離排序的文件,以最接近的文件為先。此運算子需要 2dsphere 地理空間索引,對於位置資料的鄰近查詢非常有用。

參數

  • $geometry:GeoJSON 點物件,定義近查詢的中心點。

  • $maxDistance:(選用) 從指定點開始,文件可以符合查詢的最大距離,以公尺為單位。

  • $minDistance:(選用) 文件可以符合查詢之指定點的最小距離,以公尺為單位。

索引需求

  • 2dsphere index:GeoJSON Point 資料上的地理空間查詢需要。

範例 (MongoDB Shell)

下列範例示範如何使用 $near運算子尋找距離華盛頓州西雅圖特定位置最近的餐廳。

建立範例文件

db.usarestaurants.insert([ { "name": "Noodle House", "city": "Seattle", "state": "Washington", "rating": 4.8, "location": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [-122.3517, 47.6159] } }, { "name": "Pike Place Grill", "city": "Seattle", "state": "Washington", "rating": 4.2, "location": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [-122.3403, 47.6062] } }, { "name": "Lola", "city": "Seattle", "state": "Washington", "rating": 4.5, "location": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [-122.3407, 47.6107] } } ]);

建立 2dsphere 索引

db.usarestaurants.createIndex({ "location": "2dsphere" });

使用 GeoJSON Point 查詢範例

db.usarestaurants.find({ location: { $near: { $geometry: { type: "Point", coordinates: [-122.3516, 47.6156] }, $maxDistance: 100, $minDistance: 10 } } });

輸出

{ "_id" : ObjectId("69031ec9ea1c2922a1ce5f4a"), "name" : "Noodle House", "city" : "Seattle", "state" : "Washington", "rating" : 4.8, "location" : { "type" : "Point", "coordinates" : [ -122.3517, 47.6159 ] } }

程式碼範例

若要檢視使用 $near命令的程式碼範例,請選擇您要使用的語言標籤:

Node.js
const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb'); async function findNearbyRestaurants() { const client = await MongoClient.connect('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false'); const db = client.db('test'); const restaurants = db.collection('usarestaurants'); // Create 2dsphere index await restaurants.createIndex({ "location": "2dsphere" }); const result = await restaurants.find({ location: { $near: { $geometry: { type: "Point", coordinates: [-122.3516, 47.6156] }, $maxDistance: 100, $minDistance: 10 } } }).toArray(); console.log(result); client.close(); } findNearbyRestaurants();
Python
from pymongo import MongoClient def find_nearby_restaurants(): client = MongoClient('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false') db = client['test'] restaurants = db['usarestaurants'] # Create 2dsphere index restaurants.create_index([("location", "2dsphere")]) result = list(restaurants.find({ 'location': { '$near': { '$geometry': { 'type': 'Point', 'coordinates': [-122.3516, 47.6156] }, '$maxDistance': 100, '$minDistance': 10 } } })) print(result) client.close() find_nearby_restaurants()