本文為英文版的機器翻譯版本,如內容有任何歧義或不一致之處,概以英文版為準。
$ifNull
如果輸入表達式評估為 null 或未定義,則$ifNull運算子會用來傳回指定的值。此運算子在您想要提供預設值或處理 null/未定義案例的情況下非常有用。
參數
範例 (MongoDB Shell)
下列範例示範當 name 欄位為 null 或未定義時, $ifNull運算子的使用情況可提供預設值。
建立範例文件
db.users.insertMany([
{ _id: 1, name: "John" },
{ _id: 2, name: null },
{ _id: 3 }
]);
查詢範例
db.users.aggregate([
{
$project: {
_id: 1,
name: { $ifNull: ["$name", "No Name"] }
}
}
]);
輸出
[
{ "_id": 1, "name": "John" },
{ "_id": 2, "name": "No Name" },
{ "_id": 3, "name": "No Name" }
]
程式碼範例
若要檢視使用 $ifNull命令的程式碼範例,請選擇您要使用的語言標籤:
- Node.js
-
const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');
async function example() {
const client = await MongoClient.connect('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false');
const db = client.db('test');
const collection = db.collection('users');
const pipeline = [
{
$project: {
_id: 1,
name: { $ifNull: ["$name", "No Name"] }
}
}
];
const cursor = await collection.aggregate(pipeline);
await cursor.forEach(doc => {
console.log(doc);
});
await client.close();
}
example();
- Python
-
from pymongo import MongoClient
def example():
client = MongoClient('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false')
db = client.test
collection = db.users
pipeline = [
{
"$project": {
"_id": 1,
"name": { "$ifNull": ["$name", "No Name"] }
}
}
]
result = collection.aggregate(pipeline)
for doc in result:
print(doc)
client.close()
example()