本文為英文版的機器翻譯版本,如內容有任何歧義或不一致之處,概以英文版為準。
$changeStream
Elastic 叢集不支援。
$changeStream 彙總階段會開啟變更串流游標,以監控集合的即時變更。當發生插入、更新、取代或刪除操作時,它會傳回變更事件文件。
參數
-
fullDocument:指定是否要傳回更新操作的完整文件。選項為 default 或 updateLookup。
-
resumeAfter:選用。繼續字符,從變更串流中的特定點繼續。
-
startAtOperationTime:選用。開始變更串流的時間戳記。
-
allChangesForCluster:選用。布林值。當 時true, 會監控叢集的所有變更 (適用於管理員資料庫)。當 false(預設) 時, 只會監看指定的集合。
範例 (MongoDB Shell)
下列範例示範如何使用 $changeStream階段來監控集合的變更。
查詢範例
// Open change stream first
const changeStream = db.inventory.aggregate([
{ $changeStream: { fullDocument: "updateLookup" } }
]);
// In another session, insert a document
db.inventory.insertOne({ _id: 1, item: "Widget", qty: 10 });
// Back in the first session, read the change event
if (changeStream.hasNext()) {
print(tojson(changeStream.next()));
}
輸出
{
_id: { _data: '...' },
operationType: 'insert',
clusterTime: Timestamp(1, 1234567890),
fullDocument: { _id: 1, item: 'Widget', qty: 10 },
ns: { db: 'test', coll: 'inventory' },
documentKey: { _id: 1 }
}
程式碼範例
若要檢視使用$changeStream彙總階段的程式碼範例,請選擇您要使用的語言標籤:
- Node.js
-
const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');
async function example() {
const client = await MongoClient.connect('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false');
const db = client.db('test');
const collection = db.collection('inventory');
// Open change stream
const changeStream = collection.watch([]);
changeStream.on('change', (change) => {
console.log('Change detected:', change);
});
// Simulate insert in another operation
setTimeout(async () => {
await collection.insertOne({ _id: 1, item: 'Widget', qty: 10 });
}, 1000);
// Keep connection open to receive changes
// In production, handle cleanup appropriately
}
example();
- Python
-
from pymongo import MongoClient
import threading
import time
def example():
client = MongoClient('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false')
db = client['test']
collection = db['inventory']
# Open change stream
change_stream = collection.watch([])
# Insert document in separate thread after delay
def insert_doc():
time.sleep(1)
collection.insert_one({'_id': 1, 'item': 'Widget', 'qty': 10})
threading.Thread(target=insert_doc).start()
# Watch for changes
for change in change_stream:
print('Change detected:', change)
break # Exit after first change
client.close()
example()