在中使用执行拦截器 AWS SDK for Java 2.x

AWS SDK for Java 2.x 挂钩中的执行拦截器进入请求和响应生命周期，用于在 API 调用执行的各个阶段执行自定义逻辑。使用拦截器来实现跨领域问题，例如日志记录、指标收集、请求修改、调试和错误处理。

拦截器实现ExecutionInterceptor接口，该接口为请求执行的不同阶段提供钩子。

拦截器生命周期

该ExecutionInterceptor接口提供了在请求执行期间的特定时刻调用的方法：

beforeExecution-在请求执行之前调用
modifyRequest-修改 SDK 请求对象
beforeMarshalling-在请求编组到 HTTP 之前调用
afterMarshalling-在请求编组到 HTTP 之后调用
modifyHttpRequest-修改 HTTP 请求
beforeTransmission-在 HTTP 请求发送之前调用
afterTransmission-在收到 HTTP 响应后调用
modifyHttpResponse-修改 HTTP 响应
beforeUnmarshalling-在 HTTP 响应解组之前调用
afterUnmarshalling-在 HTTP 响应解组后调用
modifyResponse-修改 SDK 响应对象
afterExecution-成功执行请求后调用
onExecutionFailure-请求执行失败时调用

注册拦截器

使用overrideConfiguration方法构建服务客户端时注册拦截器。你可以注册多个拦截器，它们按照你注册的顺序执行。


// Register a single interceptor.
SqsClient client = SqsClient.builder()
    .overrideConfiguration(c -> c.addExecutionInterceptor(new LoggingInterceptor()))
    .build();

// Register multiple interceptors.
S3Client s3Client = S3Client.builder()
    .overrideConfiguration(config -> config
        .addExecutionInterceptor(new TimingInterceptor())
        .addExecutionInterceptor(new LoggingInterceptor())
        .addExecutionInterceptor(new RequestModificationInterceptor()))
    .build();

拦截器示例

以下课程演示了如何在不更改核心业务逻辑的情况下使用执行拦截器将诸如日志记录、性能监控和请求修改之类的交叉问题添加到 S3 操作中。

此示例向您展示如何在 S3 客户端上注册多个拦截器，并在实际 AWS API 调用期间查看它们的运行情况。


import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import software.amazon.awssdk.awscore.exception.AwsServiceException;
import software.amazon.awssdk.core.ApiName;
import software.amazon.awssdk.core.SdkRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.core.interceptor.Context;
import software.amazon.awssdk.core.interceptor.ExecutionAttributes;
import software.amazon.awssdk.core.interceptor.ExecutionInterceptor;
import software.amazon.awssdk.http.SdkHttpRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.http.SdkHttpResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.S3Client;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.HeadBucketRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.ListBucketsResponse;

import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.Instant;


public class S3InterceptorsDemo {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(S3InterceptorsDemo.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        logger.info("=== AWS SDK for Java v2 - S3 Interceptors Demo ===");

        // Create an S3 client with multiple interceptors.
        S3Client s3Client = S3Client.builder()
            .overrideConfiguration(config -> config
                .addExecutionInterceptor(new TimingInterceptor())
                .addExecutionInterceptor(new LoggingInterceptor())
                .addExecutionInterceptor(new RequestModificationInterceptor()))
            .build();

        try {
            logger.info("🚀 Starting S3 operations with interceptors...");

            // Operation 1: List buckets.
            logger.info("📋 Operation 1: Listing S3 buckets");
            logger.info("----------------------------------------");
            ListBucketsResponse listBucketsResponse = s3Client.listBuckets();
            logger.info("✅ Found {} buckets", listBucketsResponse.buckets().size());

            // Operation 2: Try to access a bucket that likely doesn't exist.
            logger.info("🔍 Operation 2: Checking non-existent bucket (demonstrating error interceptor)");
            logger.info("----------------------------------------");
            try {
                s3Client.headBucket(HeadBucketRequest.builder()
                    .bucket("amzn-s3-demo-bucket-that-does-not-exist-1234")
                    .build());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logger.info("Expected error occurred (interceptor should have logged it)");
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("❌ Error during S3 operations: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
        } finally {
            s3Client.close();
            logger.info("🔚 Demo completed - S3 client closed");
        }
    }

    // Logging interceptor.
    private static class LoggingInterceptor implements ExecutionInterceptor {
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggingInterceptor.class);

        @Override
        public void beforeExecution(Context.BeforeExecution context, ExecutionAttributes executionAttributes) {
            logger.info("🔄 [LOGGING] Starting request: {}", context.request().getClass().getSimpleName());
        }

        @Override
        public void afterExecution(Context.AfterExecution context, ExecutionAttributes executionAttributes) {
            logger.info("✅ [LOGGING] Completed request: {}", context.request().getClass().getSimpleName());
        }

        @Override
        public void onExecutionFailure(Context.FailedExecution context, ExecutionAttributes executionAttributes) {
            logger.error("❌ [LOGGING] Request failed: {}", context.request().getClass().getSimpleName());
            if (context.exception() instanceof AwsServiceException) {
                AwsServiceException ase = (AwsServiceException) context.exception();
                if (ase.awsErrorDetails().errorCode() != null) {
                    SdkHttpResponse httpResponse = ase.awsErrorDetails().sdkHttpResponse();
                    logger.error("   HTTP Status: {}", httpResponse.statusCode());
                    logger.error("   Error Code: {}", ase.awsErrorDetails().errorCode());
                    logger.error("   Error Message: {}", ase.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Performance timing interceptor.
    private static class TimingInterceptor implements ExecutionInterceptor {
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TimingInterceptor.class);
        private Instant startTime;

        @Override
        public void beforeExecution(Context.BeforeExecution context, ExecutionAttributes executionAttributes) {
            startTime = Instant.now();
            logger.info("⏱️  [TIMING] Request started at: {}", startTime);
        }

        @Override
        public void afterExecution(Context.AfterExecution context, ExecutionAttributes executionAttributes) {
            if (startTime != null) {
                Duration duration = Duration.between(startTime, Instant.now());
                logger.info("⏱️  [TIMING] Request completed in: {}ms", duration.toMillis());
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onExecutionFailure(Context.FailedExecution context, ExecutionAttributes executionAttributes) {
            if (startTime != null) {
                Duration duration = Duration.between(startTime, Instant.now());
                logger.warn("⏱️  [TIMING] Request failed after: {}ms", duration.toMillis());
            }
        }
    }

    // Request modification interceptor
    private static class RequestModificationInterceptor implements ExecutionInterceptor {
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RequestModificationInterceptor.class);

        @Override
        public SdkRequest modifyRequest(Context.ModifyRequest context, ExecutionAttributes executionAttributes) {
            SdkRequest originalRequest = context.request();
            logger.info("🔧 [MODIFY] Modifying request: {}", originalRequest.getClass().getSimpleName());

            // For ListBucketsRequest, we can't modify much since it has no settable properties
            // For HeadBucketRequest, we can demonstrate modifying the request
            if (originalRequest instanceof HeadBucketRequest) {
                HeadBucketRequest headRequest = (HeadBucketRequest) originalRequest;

                // Create a new request with an API name added.
                return HeadBucketRequest.builder()
                        .bucket(headRequest.bucket())
                        .overrideConfiguration(b -> b.addApiName(ApiName.builder()
                                .name("My-API")
                                .version("1.0")
                                .build()))
                        .build();
            }
            logger.info("Not a HeadBucketRequest, returning original request");
            return originalRequest;
        }

        @Override
        public SdkHttpRequest modifyHttpRequest(Context.ModifyHttpRequest context, ExecutionAttributes executionAttributes) {
            logger.info("🔧 [MODIFY] Adding custom HTTP headers");
            return context.httpRequest().toBuilder()
                .putHeader("X-Custom-Header", "S3InterceptorDemo")
                .putHeader("X-Request-ID", java.util.UUID.randomUUID().toString())
                .build();
        }
    }
}


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>interceptors-examples</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
    <name>interceptors-examples</name>
    <description>Demonstration of execution interceptors in AWS SDK for Java v2</description>
    
    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <aws.java.sdk.version>2.31.62</aws.java.sdk.version>
        <exec.mainClass>org.example.S3InterceptorsDemo</exec.mainClass>
    </properties>
    
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>software.amazon.awssdk</groupId>
                <artifactId>bom</artifactId>
                <version>${aws.java.sdk.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j-bom</artifactId>
                <version>2.23.1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>software.amazon.awssdk</groupId>
            <artifactId>s3</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-slf4j2-impl</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-1.2-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
            <version>5.10.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- Compiler Plugin -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.11.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>17</source>
                    <target>17</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            
            <!-- Surefire Plugin for running tests -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2.2</version>
            </plugin>
            
            <!-- Exec Plugin for running the main class -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
                <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>${exec.mainClass}</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            
            <!-- Shade Plugin to create executable JAR -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.4.1</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>shade</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <transformers>
                                <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                                    <mainClass>${exec.mainClass}</mainClass>
                                </transformer>
                            </transformers>
                            <createDependencyReducedPom>false</createDependencyReducedPom>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

最佳实践

保持拦截器的轻量级-拦截器会为每个请求执行，因此请避免繁重的计算或阻塞可能影响性能的操作。
优雅地处理异常-如果您的拦截器抛出异常，则会导致整个请求失败。对于可能失败的操作，请务必使用 try-catch 块。
顺序很重要 ——拦截器按照你注册它们的顺序执行。注册拦截器时，请考虑它们之间的依赖关系。
ExecutionAttributes 用于状态-如果您需要在不同的拦截器方法之间传递数据，请使用ExecutionAttributes而不是实例变量来确保线程安全。
注意敏感数据-在记录请求和响应时，请注意不要记录敏感信息，例如凭据或个人数据。

上下文对象

每个拦截器方法都会接收一个上下文对象，该对象提供对不同执行阶段的请求和响应信息的访问：

Context.BeforeExecution-提供对原始 SDK 请求的访问权限
Context.ModifyRequest-修改 SDK 请求
Context.ModifyHttpRequest-修改 HTTP 请求
Context.AfterExecution-提供对请求和响应的访问权限
Context.FailedExecution-提供对请求和发生的异常的访问权限

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