# Time-shifted query parameters in AWS Elemental MediaPackage
To use time-shifted viewing query parameters, append `aws.manifestsettings` to your playback request to MediaPackage. MediaPackage evaluates the query, and serves a client manifest based on those query parameters.
The following sections describe how to configure time-shift viewing query parameters.
## Query parameter formatting
Use the following guidelines when constructing query parameters:
+ Queries are not case sensitive.
+ Queries can be up to 1,024 characters.
+ Reserved characters in the queries must be URL encoded as indicated in the [URI: General Syntax](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986) standard.
**Important**
At a minimum, if your query includes multiple parameters, the following characters in the query must be URL encoded. If they're not, MediaPackage processes just the first query parameter in the string.
[\[See the AWS documentation website for more details\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/mediapackage/latest/userguide/msettings-params.html)
If the query is malformed, MediaPackage returns an incomplete or empty manifest. For query syntax, see the following section.
## Query syntax
The base query parameter for time-shifted viewing is `aws.manifestsettings`, which is followed by optional parameter name and value pairs. To construct the query, append `?aws.manifestsettings=` to the end of the MediaPackage endpoint URL, followed by parameter names and values. For a list of all of the available parameters, see [Query parameters](#msettings-parameters).
An Apple HLS filter query might look like this:
`https://example-mediapackage-endpoint.mediapackage.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/out/v1/examplemediapackage/index.m3u8?aws.manifestsettings=`
The query syntax is listed in the following table.
**Note**
If you use Amazon CloudFront as your CDN, you might need to set additional configurations. For more information, see [Configure cache behavior for all endpoints](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudFront/latest/DeveloperGuide/live-streaming.html#live-streaming-with-mediapackage-create-cache-behavior).
| Query string component | Description |
| --- | --- |
| ? | A restricted character that marks the beginning of a query. |
| aws.manifestsettings= | The base query, which is followed by parameters constructed of name and value pairs. For a list of all of the available parameters, see [Query parameters](#msettings-parameters). |
| : | Used to associate the parameter name with a value. For example, parameter\$1name:value. |
| ; | Separates parameters in a query that contains multiple parameters. For example, parameter1\$1name:value;parameter2\$1name:minValue-maxValue. When used in a list of parameters for the same query, implies an AND operation. |
**Date and time format requirements**
In all cases, the date and time must be notated in one of the following formats:
+ ISO 8601 dates, such as 2017-08-18T21:18:54%2B08:00, where **%2B08:00** is the timezone UTC\$108:00. The plus (\$1) must be URL-encoded.
+ POSIX (or Epoch) time, such as 1503091134
**DASH parameter rules**
Start and end parameters in the URL request for DASH content can use standard parameter notation, or can be included as path elements in the URL.
+ Query parameter notation – start and end parameters are included at the end of the request URL
**Example**
```
https://cf98fa7b2ee4450e.mediapackagev2.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/out/v1/997cbb27697d4863bb65488133bff26f/sports.mpd?start=1513717228&end=1513720828
```
+ Path elements – start and end parameters are included in the path of the request URL
**Example**
```
https://cf98fa7b2ee4450e.mediapackagev2.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/out/v1/997cbb27697d4863bb65488133bff26f/start/2017-12-19T13:00:28-08:00/end/2017-12-19T14:00:28-08:00/sports.mpd
```
**TS and CMAF parameter rules**
Start and end parameters in the URL request for TS content can use standard parameter notation.
+ Query parameter notation – start and end parameters are included at the end of the request URL
**Example TS**
```
https://cf98fa7b2ee4450e.mediapackagev2.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/out/v1/064134724fd74667ba294657a674ae72/comedy.m3u8?start=2017-12-19T13:00:28-08:00&end=2017-12-19T14:00:28-08:00
```
**Example CMAF**
```
https://cf98fa7b2ee4450e.mediapackagev2.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/out/v1/064134724fd74667ba294657a674ae72/manifest_id/news.m3u8?start=2018-04-04T01:14:00-08:00&end=2018-04-04T02:15:00-08:00
```
## Query parameters
Playback devices can append the following time-shifted viewing query parameters to their requests to MediaPackage. Responses to requests with one or more of these parameters will include manifests that adhere to the specified time-shifted query parameters.
If you want all manifests served from this origin endpoint to be time shifted, enable the settings on the endpoint, as described in [Creating an origin endpoint in AWS Elemental MediaPackage](endpoints-create.md).
**Note**
The `manifest_window_seconds` option is available only as a query parameter on a session initialization URL, and not as a setting on the endpoint. This is because the `manifest_window_seconds` query parameter modifies the standard length of the manifest that's configured through the **Manifest window** setting on the endpoint. For more information about manifest window relationships, see [Window duration](window-seconds.md).
| Name | Description | Example |
| --- | --- | --- |
| clip\$1start\$1time | [\[See the AWS documentation website for more details\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/mediapackage/latest/userguide/msettings-params.html) | stream.mpd?aws.manifestsettings=subtitle\$1language:en-US, hi;clip\$1start\$1time:1720246778 |
| manifest\$1window\$1seconds | [\[See the AWS documentation website for more details\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/mediapackage/latest/userguide/msettings-params.html) | stream.mpd?aws.manifestsettings=manifest\$1window\$1seconds:30 |
| start | [\[See the AWS documentation website for more details\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/mediapackage/latest/userguide/msettings-params.html) | stream.mpd?aws.manifestsettings=start:1732285823 |
| end | [\[See the AWS documentation website for more details\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/mediapackage/latest/userguide/msettings-params.html) | stream.mpd?aws.manifestsettings=end:1732300175 |
| time\$1delay | [\[See the AWS documentation website for more details\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/mediapackage/latest/userguide/msettings-params.html) | stream.mpd?aws.manifestsettings=time\$1delay:320 |
## URL encoding query parameters
When you add query parameters to your HLS and LL-HLS playback requests, MediaPackage appends the parameters in alphabetical order to the child manifest URLs. For instance, the `end` parameter is listed before the `start` parameter.
To [create a signed API request](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_sigv-create-signed-request.html#create-canonical-request) for AWS Signature Version 4 (SigV4) signing, your query strings must be URL encoded. By default, MediaPackage doesn't encode query parameters. To be a valid SigV4 signature, choose **URL-encode HLS child manifest query parameters** on your HLS or LL-HLS origin endpoint, as described in [Manifest fields](endpoints-create.md#endpoints-manifest).
For more information about SigV4 and its requirements, see [AWS Signature Version 4 for API requests](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_sigv.html) in *AWS Identity and Access Management User Guide*.
**Example unencoded query strings**
```
hls_video-1080.m3u8?aws.manifestsettings=time_delay:10&end=2025-02-03T17:09:49Z&start=2025-02-03T17:08:49Z
```
**Example URL-encoded query strings**
```
hls_video-1080.m3u8?aws.manifestsettings=time_delay%3A10&end=2025-02-03T17%3A09%3A49Z&start=2025-02-03T17%3A08%3A49Z
```