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$project

Amazon DocumentDB 中的$project运算符允许您有选择地在输出文档中包含或排除字段，将值传递到下一个管道阶段，以及从输入文档值中计算新字段。

参数

示例（MongoDB 外壳）

以下示例演示了$project运算符在学生集合中的用法

创建示例文档

db.students.insertMany([
  { "_id": 1, "name": "Alejandro Rosalez", "math": 85, "science": 92, "grade": "A" },
  { "_id": 2, "name": "Carlos Salazar", "math": 78, "science": 84, "grade": "B" },
  { "_id": 3, "name": "Nikhil Jayashankar", "math": 95, "science": 89, "grade": "A" },
  { "_id": 4, "name": "Shirley Rodriguez", "math": 72, "science": 76, "grade": "B" }
  ]);

此查询仅在输出中包含name和math字段。除非明确排除，否则默认情况下会包含该_id字段。

db.students.aggregate([
  { $project: { "name": 1, "math": 1 } }
])

输出

{ _id: 1, name: "Alejandro Rosalez", math: 85 }
{ _id: 2, name: "Carlos Salazar", math: 78 }
{ _id: 3, name: "Nikhil Jayashankar", math: 95 }
{ _id: 4, name: "Shirley Rodriguez", math: 72 }

此查询从输出中排除grade和_id字段，显示所有其他字段（name、math、science）。

db.students.aggregate([
  { $project: { "grade": 0, "_id": 0 } }
])

输出

{ name: "Alejandro Rosalez", math: 85, science: 92 }
{ name: "Carlos Salazar", math: 78, science: 84 }
{ name: "Nikhil Jayashankar", math: 95, science: 89 }
{ name: "Shirley Rodriguez", math: 72, science: 76 }

代码示例

要查看使用该$project命令的代码示例，请选择要使用的语言的选项卡：

Node.js

const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');

async function example() {
  const client = await MongoClient.connect('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false');
  const db = client.db('test');
  const collection = db.collection('students');

  const result = await collection.aggregate([
    { $project: { "name": 1, "math": 1 } }
  ]).toArray();
  console.log(result);

  await client.close();
}

example();

Python

from pymongo import MongoClient

def example():
    client = MongoClient('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false')
    db = client['test']
    collection = db['students']

    result = list(collection.aggregate([
        { '$project': { 'name': 1, 'math': 1 } }
    ]))
    print(result)

    client.close()

example()