$lookup - Amazon DocumentDB
示例（MongoDB 外壳）代码示例

本文属于机器翻译版本。若本译文内容与英语原文存在差异，则一律以英文原文为准。

$lookup

Amazon DocumentDB 中的$lookup聚合阶段允许您在两个集合之间执行左外连接。此操作允许您根据匹配的字段值合并来自多个集合的数据。当您需要将来自相关集合的数据合并到查询结果中时，它特别有用。

参数

  • from：用于执行连接的集合的名称。

  • localField：输入文档中要与之匹配的字段foreignField。

  • foreignField: from 集合中文档中要与之匹配的字段localField。

  • as：要添加到包含from集合中匹配文档的输出文档的新字段的名称。

示例（MongoDB 外壳）

以下示例演示了将集合中的数据联接到orders集合中的customers简单$lookup操作。

创建示例文档

db.customers.insertMany([
  { _id: 1, name: "Alice" },
  { _id: 2, name: "Bob" },
  { _id: 3, name: "Charlie" }
]);

db.orders.insertMany([
  { _id: 1, customer_id: 1, total: 50 },
  { _id: 2, customer_id: 1, total: 100 },
  { _id: 3, customer_id: 2, total: 75 }
]);

查询示例

db.customers.aggregate([
  {
    $lookup: {
      from: "orders",           
      localField: "_id",        
      foreignField: "customer_id", 
      as: "orders" 
    }
  }
]);

输出

[
  {
    _id: 1,
    name: 'Alice',
    orders: [
      { _id: 2, customer_id: 1, total: 100 },
      { _id: 1, customer_id: 1, total: 50 }
    ]
  },
  { _id: 3, name: 'Charlie', orders: [] },
  {
    _id: 2,
    name: 'Bob',
    orders: [ { _id: 3, customer_id: 2, total: 75 } ]
  }
]

代码示例

要查看使用该$lookup命令的代码示例，请选择要使用的语言的选项卡：

Node.js
const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');

async function example() {
  const client = await MongoClient.connect('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false');

  await client.connect();

  const db = client.db('test');

  const result = await db.collection('customers').aggregate([
    {
      $lookup: {
        from: 'orders',
        localField: '_id',
        foreignField: 'customer_id',
        as: 'orders'
      }
    }
  ]).toArray();

  console.log(JSON.stringify(result, null, 2));
  await client.close();
}

example();
Python
from pymongo import MongoClient

def example():
    client = MongoClient('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false')

    db = client.test
    
    collection = db.customers

    pipeline = [
        {
            "$lookup": {
                "from": "orders",
                "localField": "_id",
                "foreignField": "customer_id",
                "as": "orders"
            }
        }
    ]

    result = collection.aggregate(pipeline)

    for doc in result:
        print(doc)

    client.close()

example()