$hour - Amazon DocumentDB

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$hour

$hour算符从日期或时间戳字段中提取小时部分。

参数

  • dateExpression:运算符的应用日期。这必须解析为有效的 BSON 日期(例如,像 $createdAt 这样的字段或日期文字)。

也可以按以下格式将参数指定为文档:

{日期:<dateExpression>,时区:<timezoneExpression>}

这允许应用时区感知日期操作。

- `<tzExpression>`: (optional) The timezone of the operation result. It must be a valid expression that resolves to a string formatted as either an Olson Timezone Identifier or a UTC Offset. If no timezone is provided, the result is in UTC.

示例(MongoDB 外壳)

以下示例演示如何使用$hour运算符从日期字段中提取小时分量并相应地对数据进行分组。

创建示例文档

db.events.insertMany([ { timestamp: new Date("2023-04-01T10:30:00Z") }, { timestamp: new Date("2023-04-01T12:45:00Z") }, { timestamp: new Date("2023-04-02T08:15:00Z") }, { timestamp: new Date("2023-04-02T16:20:00Z") }, { timestamp: new Date("2023-04-03T23:59:00Z") } ]);

查询示例

db.events.aggregate([ { $project: { hour: { $hour: "$timestamp" } } }, { $group: { _id: "$hour", count: { $sum: 1 } } }, { $sort: { _id: 1 } } ]);

输出

[ { "_id": 8, "count": 1 }, { "_id": 10, "count": 1 }, { "_id": 12, "count": 1 }, { "_id": 16, "count": 1 }, { "_id": 23, "count": 1 } ]

此查询按timestamp字段的小时部分对事件进行分组,并计算每小时的事件数。

代码示例

要查看使用该$hour命令的代码示例,请选择要使用的语言的选项卡:

Node.js
const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb'); async function example() { const client = new MongoClient('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false'); try { await client.connect(); const db = client.db('test'); const collection = db.collection('events'); const result = await collection.aggregate([ { $project: { hour: { $hour: "$timestamp" } } }, { $group: { _id: "$hour", count: { $sum: 1 } } }, { $sort: { _id: 1 } } ]).toArray(); console.log(result); } catch (error) { console.error('Error occurred:', error); } finally { await client.close(); } } example();
Python
from pymongo import MongoClient from datetime import datetime def example(): try: client = MongoClient('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false') db = client.test collection = db.events result = list(collection.aggregate([ { "$project": { "hour": {"$hour": "$timestamp"} } }, { "$group": { "_id": "$hour", "count": {"$sum": 1} } }, { "$sort": {"_id": 1} } ])) print(result) except Exception as e: print(f"An error occurred: {e}") finally: client.close() example()