使用 AWS CloudTrail 记录 AWS Directory Service Data API 调用 - AWS Directory Service
CloudTrail 中的 Directory Service Data 信息了解 Directory Service Data 日志文件条目有关异常错误的日志条目

使用 AWS CloudTrail 记录 AWS Directory Service Data API 调用

AWS Directory Service Data 与 AWS CloudTrail 集成，后者是在 Directory Service Data 中提供用户、角色或 AWS 服务所执行操作的记录的服务。CloudTrail 将 Directory Service Data 的所有 API 调用捕获为事件。捕获的调用包括来自 Directory Service Data 控制台的调用和对 Directory Service Data API 操作的代码调用。如果您创建跟踪，则可以使 CloudTrail 事件持续传送到 Amazon S3 存储桶，包括 Directory Service Data 的事件。通过 CloudTrail 收集的信息，您可以确定向 Directory Service Data 发出的请求、发出请求的 IP 地址、发出请求的人员、请求的发出时间以及其他详细信息。

要了解有关 CloudTrail 的更多信息，请参阅 AWS CloudTrail 用户指南。

CloudTrail 中的 Directory Service Data 信息

在您创建 AWS 账户时，将在该账户上启用 CloudTrail。当 Directory Service Data 中发生受支持的事件活动（管理事件）时，该活动将与事件历史记录中的其他 AWS 服务事件一起记录在 CloudTrail 事件中。您可以在 AWS 账户中查看、搜索和下载过去 90 天的管理事件。有关更多信息，请参阅使用 CloudTrail 事件历史记录查看事件。查看事件历史记录是免费的。

要持续记录 AWS 账户中的事件（包括 Directory Service Data 的事件），请创建跟踪。通过跟踪记录，CloudTrail 可将日志文件传送至 Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) 存储桶。预设情况下，在控制台中创建跟踪记录时，此跟踪记录应用于所有AWS 区域。此跟踪记录在 AWS 分区中记录所有区域中的事件，并将日志文件传送至您指定的 Amazon S3 存储桶。此外，您可以配置其他 AWS 服务，进一步分析在 CloudTrail 日志中收集的事件数据并采取行动。有关更多信息，请参阅下列内容：

所有 Directory Service Data 操作均由 CloudTrail 记录，并记录在 Directory Service Data API 参考中。例如，对 AddGroupMember、DescribeUser 和 SearchGroups 操作的调用会在 CloudTrail 日志文件中生成条目。

每个事件或日志条目都包含有关生成请求的人员信息。身份信息可帮助您确定以下内容：

  • 请求是使用根用户凭证还是 AWS Identity and Access Management（IAM）用户凭证发出的。

  • 请求是使用角色还是联合用户的临时安全凭证发出的。

  • 请求是否由其他 AWS 服务发出。

有关更多信息，请参阅 CloudTrail userIdentity 元素。

了解 Directory Service Data 日志文件条目

跟踪是一种配置，可用于将事件作为日志文件传送到您指定的 Amazon S3 存储桶。CloudTrail 日志文件包含一个或多个日记账条目。一个事件表示来自任何源的一个请求，包括有关所请求的操作、操作的日期和时间、请求参数等方面的信息。CloudTrail 日志文件不是公用 API 调用的有序堆栈跟踪，因此它们不会按任何特定顺序显示。

以下示例是演示 CreateUser 操作的 CloudTrail 日志条目。

{
      "eventVersion": "1.08",
      "userIdentity": {
        "type": "AssumedRole",
        "principalId": "1234567890abcdef0:admin-role",
        "arn": "arn:aws:sts::111222333444:assumed-role/AdAdmin/admin-role",
        "accountId": "111222333444",
        "accessKeyId": "021345abcdef6789",
        "sessionContext": {
          "sessionIssuer": {
            "type": "Role",
            "principalId": "1234567890abcdef0",
            "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111222333444:role/AdAdmin",
            "accountId": "111222333444",
            "userName": "AdAdmin"
          },
          "attributes": {
            "creationDate": "2023-05-30T18:22:38Z",
            "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
          }
        }
      },
      "eventTime": "2023-05-30T19:17:03Z",
      "eventSource": "ds.amazonaws.com",
      "eventName": "CreateUser",
      "awsRegion": "ap-northeast-2",
      "sourceIPAddress": ": 10.24.34.0",
      "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.9.20 Python/3.11.1 Darwin/21.6.0 source/x86_64 prompt/off command/ds-data.create-user",
      "requestParameters": {
        "directoryId": "d-1234567890",
        "sAMAccountName": "johnsmith",
        "clientToken": "example_token"
        "emailAddress": "HIDDEN_DUE_TO_SECURITY_REASONS",
        "givenName": "HIDDEN_DUE_TO_SECURITY_REASONS",
        "surname": "HIDDEN_DUE_TO_SECURITY_REASONS",
        "otherAttributes": {
          "physicalDeliveryOfficeName": {
            "s": "HIDDEN_DUE_TO_SECURITY_REASONS"
          },
          "telephoneNumber": {
            "s": "HIDDEN_DUE_TO_SECURITY_REASONS"
          },
          "streetAddress": {
            "s": "HIDDEN_DUE_TO_SECURITY_REASONS"
          },
          "displayName": {
            "s": "HIDDEN_DUE_TO_SECURITY_REASONS"
          },
          "homePhone": {
            "s": "HIDDEN_DUE_TO_SECURITY_REASONS"
          },
          "postalCode": {
            "s": "HIDDEN_DUE_TO_SECURITY_REASONS"
          },
          "description": {
            "s": "HIDDEN_DUE_TO_SECURITY_REASONS"
          }
        },
        "clientToken": "createUserToken4"
      },
      "responseElements": {
        "directoryId": "d-1234567890",
        "sID": "S-1-5-21-1234567890-123456789-123456789-1234",
        "sAMAccountName": "johnsmith"
      },
      "additionalEventData": {
        "SID": "S-1-5-21-1234567890-123456789-123456789-1234"
      },
      "requestID": "4567ab89-c12d-3333-2222-1e0012f34a7c",
      "eventID": "1234567b-f0a0-12ab-3c45-d678900d1255",
      "readOnly": false,
      "resources": [
        {
          "accountId": "111222333444",
          "type": "AWS::DirectoryService::MicrosoftAD",
          "ARN": "arn:aws:ds:ap-northeast-2:111222333444:directory/d-1234567890"
        }
      ],
      "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
      "managementEvent": true,
      "recipientAccountId": "111222333444",
      "eventCategory": "Management",
      "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.3",
        "cipherSuite": "TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "ds-data.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com"
      }
},

以下示例是演示 ListUsers 操作的 CloudTrail 日志条目。

不创建或修改对象的操作会返回空响应。

{
    "eventVersion": "1.08",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "AssumedRole",
        "principalId": "1234567890abcdef0:admin-role",
        "arn": "arn:aws:sts::111222333444:assumed-role/AdAdmin/admin-role",
        "accountId": "111222333444",
        "accessKeyId": "021345abcdef6789",
        "sessionContext": {
            "sessionIssuer": {
                "type": "Role",
                "principalId": "1234567890abcdef0",
                "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111222333444:role/AdAdmin",
                "accountId": "111222333444",
                "userName": "AdAdmin"
            },
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-05-30T18:22:38Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-05-30T18:22:52Z",
    "eventSource": "ds.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "ListUsers",
    "awsRegion": "ap-northeast-2",
    "sourceIPAddress": "10.24.34.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.9.20 Python/3.11.1 Darwin/21.6.0 source/x86_64 prompt/off command/ds-data.list-users",
    "requestParameters": {
        "directoryId": "d-1234567890",
        "maxResults": 1
    },
    "responseElements": null,
    "requestID": "4567ab89-c12d-3333-2222-1e0012f34a7c",
    "eventID": "1234567b-f0a0-12ab-3c45-d678900d1244",
    "readOnly": true,
    "resources": [
        {
            "accountId": "111222333444",
            "type": "AWS::DirectoryService::MicrosoftAD",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ds:ap-northeast-2:111222333444:directory/d-1234567890"
        }
    ],
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "111222333444",
    "eventCategory": "Management",
    "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.3",
        "cipherSuite": "TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "ds-data.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com"
    }
}

以下示例是演示 ListGroups 操作的 CloudTrail 日志条目。

注意

NextToken 元素将从所有日志条目中删除。

{
    "eventVersion": "1.08",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "AssumedRole",
        "principalId": "1234567890abcdef0:admin-role",
        "arn": "arn:aws:sts::111222333444:assumed-role/AdAdmin/admin-role",
        "accountId": "111222333444",
        "accessKeyId": "021345abcdef6789",
        "sessionContext": {
            "sessionIssuer": {
                "type": "Role",
                "principalId": "1234567890abcdef0",
                "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111222333444:role/AdAdmin",
                "accountId": "111222333444",
                "userName": "AdAdmin"
            },
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-05-30T18:22:38Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-05-30T18:29:15Z",
    "eventSource": "ds.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "ListGroups",
    "awsRegion": "ap-northeast-2",
    "sourceIPAddress": "10.24.34.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.9.20 Python/3.11.1 Darwin/21.6.0 source/x86_64 prompt/off command/ds-data.list-groups",
    "requestParameters": {
        "directoryId": "d-1234567890",
        "nextToken": "REDACTED",
        "maxResults": 1
    },
    "responseElements": null,
    "requestID": "4567ab89-c12d-3333-2222-1e0012f34a7c",
    "eventID": "1234567b-f0a0-12ab-3c45-d678900d1255",
    "readOnly": true,
    "resources": [
        {
            "accountId": "111222333444",
            "type": "AWS::DirectoryService::MicrosoftAD",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ds:ap-northeast-2:111222333444:directory/d-1234567890"
        }
    ],
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "111222333444",
    "eventCategory": "Management",
    "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.3",
        "cipherSuite": "TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "ds-data.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com"
    }
}

有关异常错误的日志条目

以下示例显示了 Access Denied 错误的 CloudTrail 日志条目。有关此错误的帮助，请参阅《IAM 用户指南》中的对 Access Denied 错误消息进行故障排除。

注意

Access Denied 日志不显示请求参数。

{
    "eventVersion": "1.08",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "AssumedRole",
        "principalId": "1234567890abcdef0:admin-role",
        "arn": "arn:aws:sts::111222333444:assumed-role/AdAdmin/admin-role",
        "accountId": "111222333444",
        "accessKeyId": "021345abcdef6789",
        "sessionContext": {
            "sessionIssuer": {
                "type": "Role",
                "principalId": "1234567890abcdef0",
                "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111222333444:role/AdAdmin",
                "accountId": "111222333444",
                "userName": "AdAdmin"
            },
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-05-31T23:25:49Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-05-31T23:38:18Z",
    "eventSource": "ds.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "CreateUser",
    "awsRegion": "ap-northeast-2",
    "sourceIPAddress": "10.24.34.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.9.20 Python/3.11.1 Darwin/21.6.0 source/x86_64 prompt/off command/ds-data.create-user",
    "errorCode": "AccessDenied",
    "errorMessage": "User: arn:aws:sts::111222333444:assumed-role/AdAdmin/admin-role is not authorized to perform: ds-data:CreateUser on resource: arn:aws:ds:ap-northeast-2:111222333444:directory/d-1234567890 because no identity-based policy allows the ds-data:CreateUser action",
    "requestParameters": null,
    "responseElements": null,
    "requestID": "4567ab89-c12d-3333-2222-1e0012f34a7c",
    "eventID": "1234567b-f0a0-12ab-3c45-d678900d1255",
    "readOnly": false,
    "resources": [
        {
            "accountId": "111222333444",
            "type": "AWS::DirectoryService::MicrosoftAD",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ds:ap-northeast-2:111222333444:directory/d-1234567890"
        }
    ],
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "111222333444",
    "eventCategory": "Management",
    "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.3",
        "cipherSuite": "TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "ds-data.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com"
    }
}

以下示例显示了 Resource Not Found 错误的 CloudTrail 日志条目。

{
    "eventVersion": "1.08",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "AssumedRole",
        "principalId": "1234567890abcdef0:admin-role",
        "arn": "arn:aws:sts::111222333444:assumed-role/AdAdmin/admin-role",
        "accountId": "111222333444",
        "accessKeyId": "021345abcdef6789",
        "sessionContext": {
            "sessionIssuer": {
                "type": "Role",
                "principalId": "1234567890abcdef0",
                "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111222333444:role/AdAdmin",
                "accountId": "111222333444",
                "userName": "AdAdmin"
            },
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-05-30T20:41:50Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-05-30T21:10:16Z",
    "eventSource": "ds.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "DescribeUser",
    "awsRegion": "ap-northeast-2",
    "sourceIPAddress": "10.24.34.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.9.20 Python/3.11.1 Darwin/21.6.0 source/x86_64 prompt/off command/ds-data.describe-user",
    "errorCode": "ResourceNotFoundException",
    "errorMessage": "User not found in directory d-1234567890.",
    "requestParameters": {
        "directoryId": "d-1234567890",
        "sAMAccountName": "nonExistingUser",
        "otherAttributes": [
            "co",
            "givenName",
            "sn",
            "telephoneNumber"
        ]
    },
    "responseElements": null,
    "requestID": "4567ab89-c12d-3333-2222-1e0012f34a7c",
    "eventID": "1234567b-f0a0-12ab-3c45-d678900d1255",
    "readOnly": true,
    "resources": [
        {
            "accountId": "111222333444",
            "type": "AWS::DirectoryService::MicrosoftAD",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ds:ap-northeast-2:111222333444:directory/d-1234567890"
        }
    ],
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "111222333444"
    "eventCategory": "Management",
    "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.3",
        "cipherSuite": "TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "ds-data.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com"
    }
}