文档 AWS SDK 示例 GitHub 存储库中还有更多 [S AWS DK 示例](https://github.com/awsdocs/aws-doc-sdk-examples)。

本文属于机器翻译版本。若本译文内容与英语原文存在差异，则一律以英文原文为准。

# Amazon EC2 入门
<a name="ec2_example_ec2_GettingStarted_013_section"></a>

以下代码示例展示了如何：
+ 创建密钥对
+ 创建安全组
+ 停止和启动您的实例
+ 测试弹性 IP 持久性
+ 清理资源

------
#### [ Bash ]

**AWS CLI 使用 Bash 脚本**  
 还有更多相关信息 GitHub。在 [Sample developer tutorials](https://github.com/aws-samples/sample-developer-tutorials/tree/main/tuts/013-ec2-basics) 存储库中查找完整示例，了解如何进行设置和运行。

```
#!/bin/bash

# EC2 Basics Tutorial Script - Revised
# This script demonstrates the basics of working with EC2 instances using AWS CLI
# Updated to use Amazon Linux 2023 and enhanced security settings

# Set up logging
LOG_FILE="ec2_tutorial_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).log"
exec > >(tee -a "$LOG_FILE") 2>&1

# Function to log messages
log() {
  echo "$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - $1"
}

# Function to handle errors
handle_error() {
  log "ERROR: $1"
  log "Cleaning up resources..."
  cleanup
  exit 1
}

# Function to clean up resources
cleanup() {
  log "Resources created:"
  
  if [ -n "$ASSOCIATION_ID" ]; then
    log "- Elastic IP Association: $ASSOCIATION_ID"
  fi
  
  if [ -n "$ALLOCATION_ID" ]; then
    log "- Elastic IP Allocation: $ALLOCATION_ID (IP: $ELASTIC_IP)"
  fi
  
  if [ -n "$INSTANCE_ID" ]; then
    log "- EC2 Instance: $INSTANCE_ID"
  fi
  
  if [ -n "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID" ]; then
    log "- Security Group: $SECURITY_GROUP_ID"
  fi
  
  if [ -n "$KEY_NAME" ]; then
    log "- Key Pair: $KEY_NAME (File: $KEY_FILE)"
  fi
  
  REPLY=y
  
  if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
    log "Starting cleanup..."
    
    # Track cleanup failures
    CLEANUP_FAILURES=0
    
    # Disassociate Elastic IP if it exists
    if [ -n "$ASSOCIATION_ID" ]; then
      log "Disassociating Elastic IP..."
      if ! aws ec2 disassociate-address --association-id "$ASSOCIATION_ID"; then
        log "Failed to disassociate Elastic IP"
        ((CLEANUP_FAILURES++))
      fi
    fi
    
    # Release Elastic IP if it exists
    if [ -n "$ALLOCATION_ID" ]; then
      log "Releasing Elastic IP..."
      if ! aws ec2 release-address --allocation-id "$ALLOCATION_ID"; then
        log "Failed to release Elastic IP"
        ((CLEANUP_FAILURES++))
      fi
    fi
    
    # Terminate instance if it exists
    if [ -n "$INSTANCE_ID" ]; then
      log "Terminating instance $INSTANCE_ID..."
      if ! aws ec2 terminate-instances --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID" > /dev/null; then
        log "Failed to terminate instance"
        ((CLEANUP_FAILURES++))
      else
        log "Waiting for instance to terminate..."
        if ! aws ec2 wait instance-terminated --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID"; then
          log "Failed while waiting for instance to terminate"
          ((CLEANUP_FAILURES++))
        fi
      fi
    fi
    
    # Delete security group if it exists
    if [ -n "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID" ]; then
      log "Deleting security group..."
      if ! aws ec2 delete-security-group --group-id "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID"; then
        log "Failed to delete security group"
        ((CLEANUP_FAILURES++))
      fi
    fi
    
    # Delete key pair if it exists
    if [ -n "$KEY_NAME" ]; then
      log "Deleting key pair..."
      if ! aws ec2 delete-key-pair --key-name "$KEY_NAME"; then
        log "Failed to delete key pair"
        ((CLEANUP_FAILURES++))
      fi
      
      # Remove key file
      if [ -f "$KEY_FILE" ]; then
        log "Removing key file..."
        if ! rm -f "$KEY_FILE"; then
          log "Failed to remove key file"
          ((CLEANUP_FAILURES++))
        fi
      fi
    fi
    
    # Report cleanup status
    if [ $CLEANUP_FAILURES -eq 0 ]; then
      log "Cleanup completed successfully."
    else
      log "WARNING: Cleanup completed with $CLEANUP_FAILURES failures. Some resources may not have been deleted properly."
    fi
  else
    log "Resources were not deleted."
  fi
}

# Generate random identifier for resource names
RANDOM_ID=$(openssl rand -hex 4)
KEY_NAME="ec2-tutorial-key-$RANDOM_ID"
SG_NAME="ec2-tutorial-sg-$RANDOM_ID"

# Create a directory for the key file
KEY_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
KEY_FILE="$KEY_DIR/$KEY_NAME.pem"

log "Starting EC2 basics tutorial script"
log "Random identifier: $RANDOM_ID"
log "Key name: $KEY_NAME"
log "Security group name: $SG_NAME"

# Step 1: Create a key pair
log "Creating key pair..."
KEY_RESULT=$(aws ec2 create-key-pair --key-name "$KEY_NAME" --query 'KeyMaterial' --output text)

if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$KEY_RESULT" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to create key pair"
fi

echo "$KEY_RESULT" > "$KEY_FILE"
chmod 400 "$KEY_FILE"
log "Created key pair and saved to $KEY_FILE"

# Step 2: Create a security group
log "Creating security group..."
SECURITY_GROUP_ID=$(aws ec2 create-security-group \
  --group-name "$SG_NAME" \
  --description "Security group for EC2 tutorial" \
  --tag-specifications 'ResourceType=security-group,Tags=[{Key=project,Value=doc-smith},{Key=tutorial,Value=ec2-basics}]' \
  --query "GroupId" \
  --output text)

if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to create security group"
fi

log "Created security group: $SECURITY_GROUP_ID"

# Get current public IP address for SSH access
MY_IP=$(curl -s http://checkip.amazonaws.com)
if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$MY_IP" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to get current IP address"
fi

log "Adding SSH ingress rule for IP $MY_IP..."
aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \
  --group-id "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID" \
  --protocol tcp \
  --port 22 \
  --cidr "$MY_IP/32" > /dev/null

if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to add security group ingress rule"
fi

log "Added SSH ingress rule for IP $MY_IP"

# Step 3: Find an Amazon Linux 2023 AMI (updated from AL2)
log "Finding latest Amazon Linux 2023 AMI..."
AMI_ID=$(aws ssm get-parameters-by-path \
  --path "/aws/service/ami-amazon-linux-latest" \
  --query "Parameters[?contains(Name, 'al2023-ami-kernel-default-x86_64')].Value" \
  --output text | head -1)

if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$AMI_ID" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to find Amazon Linux 2023 AMI"
fi

log "Selected AMI: $AMI_ID"

# Get the architecture of the AMI
log "Getting AMI architecture..."
AMI_ARCH=$(aws ec2 describe-images \
  --image-ids "$AMI_ID" \
  --query "Images[0].Architecture" \
  --output text)

if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$AMI_ARCH" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to get AMI architecture"
fi

log "AMI architecture: $AMI_ARCH"

# Find a compatible instance type
log "Finding compatible instance type..."
# Directly use t2.micro for simplicity
INSTANCE_TYPE="t2.micro"
log "Using instance type: $INSTANCE_TYPE"

# Step 4: Launch an EC2 instance with enhanced security
log "Launching EC2 instance with IMDSv2 and encryption enabled..."
INSTANCE_ID=$(aws ec2 run-instances \
  --image-id "$AMI_ID" \
  --instance-type "$INSTANCE_TYPE" \
  --key-name "$KEY_NAME" \
  --security-group-ids "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID" \
  --metadata-options "HttpTokens=required,HttpEndpoint=enabled" \
  --block-device-mappings "DeviceName=/dev/xvda,Ebs={Encrypted=true}" \
  --tag-specifications 'ResourceType=instance,Tags=[{Key=project,Value=doc-smith},{Key=tutorial,Value=ec2-basics}]' 'ResourceType=volume,Tags=[{Key=project,Value=doc-smith},{Key=tutorial,Value=ec2-basics}]' \
  --count 1 \
  --query 'Instances[0].InstanceId' \
  --output text)

if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$INSTANCE_ID" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to launch EC2 instance"
fi

log "Launched instance $INSTANCE_ID. Waiting for it to start..."

# Wait for the instance to be running
aws ec2 wait instance-running --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID"
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed while waiting for instance to start"
fi

# Get instance details
INSTANCE_DETAILS=$(aws ec2 describe-instances \
  --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID" \
  --query 'Reservations[0].Instances[0].{ID:InstanceId,Type:InstanceType,State:State.Name,PublicIP:PublicIpAddress}' \
  --output json)

if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to get instance details"
fi

log "Instance details: $INSTANCE_DETAILS"

# Get the public IP address
PUBLIC_IP=$(echo "$INSTANCE_DETAILS" | grep -oP '"PublicIP": "\K[^"]+')
if [ -z "$PUBLIC_IP" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to get instance public IP"
fi

log "Instance public IP: $PUBLIC_IP"
log "To connect to your instance, run: ssh -i $KEY_FILE ec2-user@$PUBLIC_IP"

# Pause to allow user to connect if desired
sleep 2

# Step 6: Stop and Start the Instance
log "Stopping instance $INSTANCE_ID..."
aws ec2 stop-instances --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID" > /dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to stop instance"
fi

log "Waiting for instance to stop..."
aws ec2 wait instance-stopped --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID"
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed while waiting for instance to stop"
fi

log "Instance stopped. Starting instance again..."
aws ec2 start-instances --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID" > /dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to start instance"
fi

log "Waiting for instance to start..."
aws ec2 wait instance-running --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID"
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed while waiting for instance to start"
fi

# Get the new public IP address
NEW_PUBLIC_IP=$(aws ec2 describe-instances \
  --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID" \
  --query 'Reservations[0].Instances[0].PublicIpAddress' \
  --output text)

if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$NEW_PUBLIC_IP" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to get new public IP"
fi

log "Instance restarted with new public IP: $NEW_PUBLIC_IP"
log "To connect to your instance, run: ssh -i $KEY_FILE ec2-user@$NEW_PUBLIC_IP"

# Step 7: Allocate and Associate an Elastic IP Address
log "Allocating Elastic IP address..."
ALLOCATION_RESULT=$(aws ec2 allocate-address \
  --domain vpc \
  --tag-specifications 'ResourceType=elastic-ip,Tags=[{Key=project,Value=doc-smith},{Key=tutorial,Value=ec2-basics}]' \
  --query '[PublicIp,AllocationId]' \
  --output text)

if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$ALLOCATION_RESULT" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to allocate Elastic IP"
fi

ELASTIC_IP=$(echo "$ALLOCATION_RESULT" | awk '{print $1}')
ALLOCATION_ID=$(echo "$ALLOCATION_RESULT" | awk '{print $2}')

log "Allocated Elastic IP: $ELASTIC_IP with ID: $ALLOCATION_ID"

log "Associating Elastic IP with instance..."
ASSOCIATION_ID=$(aws ec2 associate-address \
  --instance-id "$INSTANCE_ID" \
  --allocation-id "$ALLOCATION_ID" \
  --query "AssociationId" \
  --output text)

if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$ASSOCIATION_ID" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to associate Elastic IP"
fi

log "Associated Elastic IP with instance. Association ID: $ASSOCIATION_ID"
log "To connect to your instance using the Elastic IP, run: ssh -i $KEY_FILE ec2-user@$ELASTIC_IP"

# Pause to allow user to connect if desired
sleep 2

# Step 8: Test the Elastic IP by Stopping and Starting the Instance
log "Stopping instance $INSTANCE_ID to test Elastic IP persistence..."
aws ec2 stop-instances --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID" > /dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to stop instance"
fi

log "Waiting for instance to stop..."
aws ec2 wait instance-stopped --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID"
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed while waiting for instance to stop"
fi

log "Instance stopped. Starting instance again..."
aws ec2 start-instances --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID" > /dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to start instance"
fi

log "Waiting for instance to start..."
aws ec2 wait instance-running --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID"
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed while waiting for instance to start"
fi

# Verify the Elastic IP is still associated
CURRENT_IP=$(aws ec2 describe-instances \
  --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID" \
  --query 'Reservations[0].Instances[0].PublicIpAddress' \
  --output text)

if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$CURRENT_IP" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to get current public IP"
fi

log "Current public IP address: $CURRENT_IP"
log "Elastic IP address: $ELASTIC_IP"

if [ "$CURRENT_IP" = "$ELASTIC_IP" ]; then
  log "Success! The Elastic IP is still associated with your instance."
else
  log "Something went wrong. The Elastic IP is not associated with your instance."
fi

log "To connect to your instance, run: ssh -i $KEY_FILE ec2-user@$ELASTIC_IP"

# Step 9: Clean up resources
log "Tutorial completed successfully!"
cleanup

exit 0
```
+ 有关 API 详细信息，请参阅《AWS CLI 命令参考》**中的以下主题。
  + [AllocateAddress](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/AllocateAddress)
  + [AssociateAddress](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/AssociateAddress)
  + [AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress)
  + [CreateKeyPair](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/CreateKeyPair)
  + [CreateSecurityGroup](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/CreateSecurityGroup)
  + [DeleteKeyPair](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/DeleteKeyPair)
  + [DeleteSecurityGroup](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/DeleteSecurityGroup)
  + [DescribeImages](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/DescribeImages)
  + [DescribeInstances](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/DescribeInstances)
  + [DisassociateAddress](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/DisassociateAddress)
  + [GetParametersByPath](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ssm-2014-11-06/GetParametersByPath)
  + [ReleaseAddress](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/ReleaseAddress)
  + [RunInstances](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/RunInstances)
  + [StartInstances](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/StartInstances)
  + [StopInstances](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/StopInstances)
  + [TerminateInstances](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/TerminateInstances)
  + [Wait](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/Wait)

------