控制面板主体结构和语法

整体结构

DashboardBody 是一个 JSON 格式的字符串。其中可以包含 0 到 500 个小组件对象的数组，以及一些其他参数。控制面板必须包含一个 widgets 数组，不过该数组可以为空。

以下是这种结构的示例，其中包含一个指标小组件和一个文本小组件，时间范围从当前时间前六小时开始，并且始终遵循每个图表的周期设置。

{
   "start": "-PT6H",
   "periodOverride": "inherit",
   "widgets": [
      {
         "type":"metric",
         "x":0,
         "y":0,
         "width":12,
         "height":6,
         "properties":{
            "metrics":[
               [
                  "AWS/EC2",
                  "CPUUtilization",
                  "InstanceId",
                  "i-012345"
               ]
            ],
            "period":300,
            "stat":"Average",
            "region":"us-east-1",
            "title":"EC2 Instance CPU",
            "liveData": false,
            "legend": {
                "position": "right"
              }
         }
      },
      {
         "type":"text",
         "x":0,
         "y":7,
         "width":3,
         "height":3,
         "properties":{
            "markdown":"Hello world"
         }
      }
   ]
}

下一示例显示每个 Lambda 函数的三个指标，并使用一个控制面板变量，确保控制面板用户可以在不同的 Lambda 函数名称之间切换，并查看每个函数的所有三个指标。这有助您创建灵活的控制面板，显示不同资源的关键指标。在此示例中，函数是通过指标搜索查询发现的，因此控制面板会自动发现新创建的 Lambda 函数。

{
    "widgets": [{
            "height": 6,
            "width": 6,
            "y": 0,
            "x": 0,
            "type": "metric",
            "properties": {
                "view": "timeSeries",
                "stacked": false,
                "metrics": ["AWS/Lambda", "Invocations", "FunctionName", "my-function-name"],

                "region": "us-east-1",
                "liveData": true
            }
        },
        {
            "height": 12,
            "width": 12,
            "y": 0,
            "x": 6,
            "type": "metric",
            "properties": {
                "view": "timeSeries",
                "stacked": false,
                "metrics": ["AWS/Lambda", "Errors", "FunctionName", "my-function-name"],

                "region": "us-east-1",
                "liveData": true
            }
        },

        {
            "height": 3,
            "width": 6,
            "y": 0,
            "x": 18,
            "type": "metric",
            "properties": {
                "view": "timeSeries",
                "stacked": false,
                "metrics": ["AWS/Lambda", "Duration", "FunctionName", "my-function-name"],

                "region": "us-east-1",
                "liveData": true
            }
        }
    ],
    "variables": [{
        "type": "property",
        "property": "FunctionName",
        "inputType": "select",
        "id": "LambdaFunction_Variable",
        "label": "Function",
        "visible": true,
        "search": "{AWS/Lambda,FunctionName} MetricName=\"Duration\"",
        "populateFrom": "FunctionName"
    }]
}

下一示例有两个小组件。第一个小组件包含两个指标和一个用于加总求和的数学表达式。第二个小组件是一个搜索表达式，用于显示该区域所有 EC2 实例的 CPUUtilization。

{
   "start": "-PT9H",
   "periodOverride": "inherit",
   "widgets": [
      {
         "type":"metric",
         "x":0,
         "y":0,
         "width":12,
         "height":6,
         "properties":{
            "metrics":[
               [ "AWS/EC2", "DiskReadBytes", "InstanceId", "i-123",{ "id": "m1" } ],
               [ ".", ".", ".", "i-abc", { "id": "m2" } ],
               [ { "expression": "SUM(METRICS())", "label": "Sum of DiskReadbytes", "id": "e3" } ]
            ],
            "view": "timeSeries",
            "stacked": false,
            "period":300,
            "stat":"Average",
            "region":"us-east-1",
            "title":"EC2 Instance CPU"
         }
      },
      {
         "type":"metric",
         "x":0,
         "y":0,
         "width":18,
         "height":9,
         "properties":{
            "metrics":[
               [ { "expression": "SEARCH('{AWS/EC2,InstanceId} MetricName=\"CPUUtilization\"', 'Average', 300)", "id": "e1" } ]
            ],
            "view": "timeSeries",
            "stacked": false,
            "region":"us-east-1",
            "title":"EC2 Instance CPU"
         }
      }
   ]
}
    

本节的其余部分包含演示 DashboardBody 语法各部分的示例。有关显示完整命令语法的更多示例，请参阅《Amazon CloudWatch API 参考》中的 PutDashboard。

JSON 对象的顶层可以包含以下属性。

小组件数组结构

对于任何类型小组件，每个都可以具有以下属性。

变量数组结构

数组中的每个控制面板变量都可以具有以下属性。

变量示例

以下示例使用属性变量，以通过文本输入字段更改所有小组件的区域。控制面板首次打开时，该变量将使用 us-east-1 的默认值。

"variables": [
     {
        "type": "property", 
        "property": "region",
        "inputType": "input",
        "id": "region",
        "label": "Region",
        "defaultValue": "us-east-1",
        "visible": true
    } 
],

以下示例使用模式变量，以便有时在字符串（例如 ARN）中间设置区域的情况下更改所有小组件的区域。

"variables": [
    {
        "type": "pattern",
        "pattern": "us-east-1",
        "inputType": "input",
        "id": "region",
        "label": "Region",
        "defaultValue": "us-east-1",
        "visible": true
    }
],

以下示例会生成一个 Lambda 函数变量，并且每个函数都有一个单选按钮。函数是通过指标查询搜索发现的。

"variables": [
    {
        "type": "pattern",
        "pattern": "originalFuncNameInDashboard",
        "inputType": "radio",
        "id": "functionName",
        "label": "Function",
        "visible": true,
        "search": "{AWS/Lambda,FunctionName} MetricName=\"Duration\"",
        "populateFrom": "FunctionName",
        "defaultValue": "__FIRST"
    }
],

以下示例显示了如何在控制面板中指定多个变量，并演示了多种变量类型。

"variables": [{
        "type": "property",
        "property": "region",
        "inputType": "select",
        "id": "unique_id_1",
        "label": "Region",
        "defaultValue": "us-east-1",
        "visible": true,
        "values": [{
                "label": "IAD",
                "value": "us-east-1"
            },
            {
                "label": "CMH",
                "value": "us-east-2"
            },
            {
                "label": "NRT",
                "value": "ap-northeast-1"
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "type": "property",
        "property": "FunctionName",
        "inputType": "select",
        "id": "unique_id_2",
        "label": "Function",
        "visible": true,
        "values": [{
                "value": "my-FunctionName-1"
            },
            {
                "value": "my-FunctionName-2"
            },
            {
                "value": "my-FunctionName-3"
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "type": "property",
        "property": "accountId",
        "inputType": "radio",
        "id": "unique_id_3",
        "defaultValue": "111122223333",
        "visible": true,
        "values": [{
                "label": "IAD Account",
                "value": "111122223333"
            },
            {
                "label": "CMH Account",
                "value": "123456789012"
            },
            {
                "label": "NRT Account",
                "value": "000000000000"
            }
        ]
    }
]

文本小组件对象的属性

text 类型小组件的 properties 部分可以包含一个或两个参数。markdown 字段为必需，transparent 字段是可选的。

要详细了解 CloudWatch 文本小组件支持的 markdown 样式，请参阅 Using Markdown in the Console。

{
   "widgets":[
      {
         "type":"text",
         "x":0,
         "y":7,
         "width":3,
         "height":3,
         "properties":{
            "markdown":"Hello world",
            "background": "transparent"
         }
      }
   ]
}

日志小组件对象的属性

log 类型小组件表示 CloudWatch Logs Insights 查询的结果。有关更多信息，请参阅使用 CloudWatch Logs Insights 分析日志数据。

log 小组件可以在 properties 字段中包含以下字段。

{
    "widgets": [
        {
            "type": "log",
            "x": 12,
            "y": 24,
            "width": 12,
            "height": 6,
            "properties": {
                "region": "us-east-1",
                "title": "Errors (Application Log)",
                "query": "SOURCE 'application1.log' | SOURCE 'application2.log' | filter @message like \"[ERROR]\"\n| parse \"Error for [*] [*] due to: *\" canaryName1, canaryId1, cause1\n| parse \"Executor canary [*] *\" canaryName2, cause2\n| fields coalesce(cause1, cause2) as cause\n| fields coalesce(canaryName1, canaryName2) as canaryName\n| fields ispresent(cause) as isP\n| filter isP\n| stats count() as errCount by canaryName, substr(cause, 0, 130)\n| sort errCount DESC",
                "view": "table"
            }
        }
    ]
}

指标小组件对象的属性

metric 类型小组件可以在 properties 中包含以下字段：

示例：堆叠面积小组件和仪表小组件

{
    "widgets": [
{
   "type":"metric",
   "x":0,
   "y":0,
   "width":12,
   "height":6,
   "properties":{
      "metrics":[
         [
            "AWS/EC2",
            "CPUUtilization",
            "InstanceId",
            "i-012345"
         ],
         [
            "AWS/EC2",
            "NetworkIn",
            "InstanceId",
            "i-012345",
            {
               "yAxis":"right",
               "label":"NetworkIn",
               "period":3600,
               "stat":"Maximum"
            }
         ]
      ],
      "period":300,
      "stat":"Average",
      "region":"us-east-1",
      "timezone":"+0300",
      "title":"EC2 Instance CPU",
      "stacked":true,
      "view":"timeSeries",
      "liveData":false,
      "yAxis":{
         "left":{
            "min":0,
            "max":100
         },
         "right":{
            "min":50
         }
      },
      "annotations":{
         "horizontal":[
            {
               "visible":true,
               "color":"#9467bd",
               "label":"Critical range",
               "value":20,
               "fill":"above",
               "yAxis":"right"
            }
         ]
      }
   },
{
   "type": metric, 
   "x": 18,
   "y"; 60,
   "width": 6, 
   "height": 6,
   "properties": {
      "metrics": [
         [ 
         "AWSLogsShrinkRay",
         "disk_inodes_used",
         "path", 
         "/dev/shm",
         "InstanceId",
         "i-012345",
         "AutoScalingGroupName",
         "ShrinkRayExecutorResourceStack-Gamma-us-east-1-ASGuseast1ac48xlargeASGB9B53974-VTYXJUZGUAHV",
         "InstanceType",
         "c4.8xlarge",
         "device",
         "tmpfs",
         "fstype",
         "tmpfs" 
         ]
         ],
      "view": "gauge", 
      "title": "Disk Inodes Used"
      "region": "us-east-1",
      "yAxis": {
         "left": {
            "min": 0, 
            "max": 100,
         }        
       }
     }
   }

指标小组件：数组中每个指标的格式

metrics 数组中的每一项要么是单个指标，要么是一个数学表达式或搜索表达式。metrics 数组中的每个指标都采用以下格式：

[ Namespace, MetricName, [{DimensionName,DimensionValue}...] {Rendering Properties Object} ]

metrics 数组中的每个表达式都采用以下格式：

[ {"expression" : "expression", ["label" : "label"] , ["id" : "id"] } ]

// The simplest example, a metric with no dimensions
        [ "AWS/EC2", "CPUUtilization" ]
        
 // A metric with a single dimension
        [ "AWS/EC2", "CPUUtilization", "InstanceId", "i-012345" ]
        
 // A metric with a single dimension and rendering properties
        [ "AWS/EC2", "DiskReadBytes", "InstanceId", "i-xyz", { "yAxis": "right"} ]
       
 // The following example graphs the DiskReadBytes metric for three instances.
        [ "AWS/EC2", "DiskReadBytes", "InstanceId", "i-xyz" ],
        [ ".", ".", ".", "i-abc" ],
        [ ".", ".", ".", "i-123" ]
       
 // The following example includes two metrics and a math expression to sum them.
        [ "AWS/EC2", "DiskReadBytes", "InstanceId", "i-123",{ "id": "m1" } ],
        [ ".", ".", ".", "i-abc", { "id": "m2" } ],
        [ { "expression": "SUM(METRICS())", "label": "Sum of DiskReadbytes", "id": "e3" } ]
       
  // The following example is a search expression showing the EC2 CPUUtilization for each instance in the Region.
        [ { "expression": "SEARCH('{AWS/EC2,InstanceId} MetricName=\"CPUUtilization\"', 'Average', 300)", "id": "e1" } ],

控制面板小组件对象：渲染属性对象格式

metrics 数组中的每个指标都可以选择使用自定义渲染属性，来覆盖 widget 对象的 yAxis 参数中指定的默认渲染属性。本节介绍每个指标的自定义渲染属性格式。

       
 // The third metric has its own rendering properties, overriding those of the rest of the widget.
        [ "AWS/EC2", "DiskReadBytes", "InstanceId", "i-xyz" ],
        [ ".", ".", ".", "i-abc" ],
        [ ".", ".", ".", "i-123", { "label":"Instance i-123", "yAxis": "right"}  ]

控制面板小组件对象：注释属性

注释包括警报、横向注释和纵向注释。单个指标小组件最多可以包含一个警报，也可以包含一个或多个横向注释或纵向注释。单个小组件不能同时具有警报以及横向注释或纵向注释。

警报注释

如果您指定了某个警报注释，则不能同时在同一小组件中指定 metrics 数组。

                
"annotations": {
   "alarms": [ "arn1" ]
}
            

横向注释

// A single horizontal annotation with fill shading above the annotation line, based on the metric associated with the right Y-axis
                
"annotations": {
     "horizontal": [
         {
              "visible":true,
              "color":"#9467bd",
              "label":"Critical range",
              "value":20,
              "fill":"above",
              "yAxis":"right"
         }
    ]
}

// A band annotation. Each value has a label, but other parameters for the band are specified only with the first number

"annotations": {
    "horizontal": [
        [
            {
                "label": "Band top",
                "value": 200,
                "color": "#9467bd",
                "visible": true,
                "yAxis": "right"
            },
            {
                "value": 95.5,
                "label": "Band bottom"
            }
        ]
    ]
}

// Three annotations on a graph. The first one is a band annotation. The final one is hidden.

"annotations": {
    "horizontal": [
        [
            {
                "label": "Band top",
                "value": 200,
                "color": "#9467bd",
                "visible": true,
                "yAxis": "right"
            },
            {
                "value": 95.5,
                "label": "Band bottom"
            }
        ],
        {
            "visible": true,
            "color": "#9467bd",
            "label": "Label for this annotation",
            "value": 20,
            "fill": "below",
            "yAxis": "right"
        },
        {
            "visible": false,
            "color": "#aaa",
            "label": "Hidden annotation",
            "value": 150
        }
    ]
}

纵向注释

// A single vertical annotation with fill shading after the annotation line
                    
"annotations": {
    "vertical": [
        {
            "visible": true,
            "color": "#9467bd",
            "label": "Bug fix deployed",
            "value": "2018-08-28T15:25:26Z",
            "fill": "after"
        }
    ]
}	


// A band vertical annotation. Each annotation line has a label, but other parameters for the band are specified only with the first value

"annotations": {
    "vertical": [
        [
            {
                "label": "Band start",
                "value": "2018-08-27T15:25:26Z",
                "color": "#9467bd",
                "visible": true
            },
            {
                "value": "2018-08-28T15:25:26Z",
                "label": "Band end"
            }
        ]
    ]
}

控制面板小组件对象：yAxis 属性格式

定义图表的 Y 轴设置。这包括最大值和最小值、轴标签以及轴是否显示单位等设置。在 widget 对象中设置此参数会影响小组件中的所有指标。要为特定指标覆盖小组件设置，请在 metrics 数组中为该指标进行设置。

{
  left: {
    min: 0,
    max: 100
  },
  right: {
    min: 0
  }
}

每个 left 和 right 对象都可以包含以下参数：

控制面板小组件对象：表属性

如果为指标小组件指定了 table，则可以包含与摘要列、数据点列和表布局可见性相关的视觉设置。这些属性仅在小组件视图类型为 table 时生效，并且不会更改其他视图类型（如果包含）。使用表格小组件时 table 属性并非必需。

例如，以下 JSON 创建了一个表，来显示表中每个指标的最小值和最大值。

"table": {
    "summaryColumns": ["MIN", "MAX"],
    "layout": "vertical",
    "stickySummary": true,
    "showTimeSeriesData": false,
    },

指标资源管理器小组件对象的属性

explorer 类型小组件表示指标资源管理器小组件。有关更多信息，请参阅使用指标资源管理器按标签和属性监控资源

此外还可以使用 CloudFormation 将指标资源管理器小组件添加到控制面板。有关更多信息，请参阅 AWS::CloudWatch::Dashboard。

此小组件类型可以在小组件 properties 中包含以下字段：

示例

以下示例将为账户中每个正在运行的 EC2 实例显示三个指标，其中小组件中的图表按可用区拆分。在每个图表中，指标按实例类型汇总。

{
    "widgets": [
        {
            "type": "explorer",
            "width": 24,
            "height": 15,
            "x": 0,
            "y": 0,
            "properties": {
                "metrics": [
                    {
                        "metricName": "CPUUtilization",
                        "resourceType": "AWS::EC2::Instance",
                        "stat": "Average"
                    },
                    {
                        "metricName": "NetworkIn",
                        "resourceType": "AWS::EC2::Instance",
                        "stat": "Average"
                    },
                    {
                        "metricName": "NetworkOut",
                        "resourceType": "AWS::EC2::Instance",
                        "stat": "Average"
                    }
                ],
                "aggregateBy": {
                    "key": "InstanceType",
                    "func": "MAX"
                },
                "labels": [
                    {
                        "key": "State",
                        "value": "running"
                    }
                ],
                "widgetOptions": {
                    "legend": {
                        "position": "bottom"
                    },
                    "view": "timeSeries",
                    "rowsPerPage": 8,
                    "widgetsPerRow": 2
                },
                "period": 300,
                "splitBy": "AvailabilityZone",
                "title": "Running EC2 Instances by AZ"
            }
        }
    ]
}

指标资源管理器小组件对象的有效 resourceType 值

指标资源管理器小组件 metrics 部分中 resourceType字段的有效值如下：

警报状态小组件对象的属性

alarm 类型小组件可以在 properties 中包含以下字段。

以下示例警报状态小组件会显示四个按名称指定的警报，无论其当前状态为何：

{
    "type": "alarm",
    "x": 0,
    "y": 0,
    "width": 12,
    "height": 6,
    "properties": {
        "alarms": [
            "arn:aws:cloudwatch:us-east-1:012345678901:alarm:EC2FrontendCPU",
            "arn:aws:cloudwatch:us-east-1:012345678901:alarm:EC2BackendCPU",
            "arn:aws:cloudwatch:eu-west-1:987654321098:alarm:EC2FrontendCPU",
            "arn:aws:cloudwatch:eu-west-1:987654321098:alarm:EC2BackendCPU"
        ],
        "sortBy": "stateUpdatedTimestamp",
        "title": "All EC2 CPU alarms"
    }
}

以下示例小组件指定了相同的四个警报，但仅显示当前处于 ALARM 或 INSUFFICIENT_DATA 状态的警报：

{
    "type": "alarm",
    "x": 0,
    "y": 0,
    "width": 12,
    "height": 6,
    "properties": {
        "alarms": [
            "arn:aws:cloudwatch:us-east-1:012345678901:alarm:EC2FrontendCPU",
            "arn:aws:cloudwatch:us-east-1:012345678901:alarm:EC2BackendCPU",
            "arn:aws:cloudwatch:eu-west-1:987654321098:alarm:EC2FrontendCPU",
            "arn:aws:cloudwatch:eu-west-1:987654321098:alarm:EC2BackendCPU"
        ],
        "sortBy": "stateUpdatedTimestamp",
        "states": [
            "ALARM",
            "INSUFFICIENT_DATA"
        ],
        "title": "EC2 alarms that are not currently OK"
    }
}