# Design principles There are five design principles for operational excellence in the cloud: + **Perform operations as code**: In the cloud, you can apply the same engineering discipline that you use for application code to your entire environment. You can define your entire workload (applications, infrastructure) as code and update it with code. You can implement your operations procedures as code and automate their run process by initiating them in response to events. By performing operations as code, you limit human error and achieve consistent responses to events. + **Make frequent, small, reversible changes**: Design workloads to permit components to be updated regularly. Make changes in small increments that can be reversed if they fail (without affecting customers when possible). + **Refine operations procedures frequently**: As you use operations procedures, look for opportunities to improve them. As you evolve your workload, evolve your procedures appropriately. Set up regular game days to review and validate that all procedures are effective and that teams are familiar with them. + **Anticipate failure**: Perform “pre-mortem” exercises to identify potential sources of failure so that they can be removed or mitigated. Test your failure scenarios and validate your understanding of their impact. Test your response procedures to verify that they are effective, and that teams are familiar with their process. Set up regular game days to test workloads and team responses to simulated events. + **Learn from all operational failures**: Drive improvement through lessons learned from all operational events and failures. Share what is learned across teams and through the entire organization.