Amazon Redshift will no longer support the creation of new Python UDFs starting Patch 198. Existing Python UDFs will continue to function until June 30, 2026. For more information, see the [ blog post ](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/big-data/amazon-redshift-python-user-defined-functions-will-reach-end-of-support-after-june-30-2026/).
# Use an ODBC driver manager to configure the driver
On macOS X operating systems, you use an ODBC driver manager to configure the ODBC connection settings. ODBC driver managers use configuration files to define and configure ODBC data sources and drivers. The ODBC driver manager that you use depends on the operating system that you use. For a macOS X operation system, it's the iODBC driver manager.
For more information about the supported ODBC driver managers to configure the Amazon Redshift ODBC drivers, see [Using an Amazon Redshift ODBC driver on macOS XUsing an ODBC driver on macOS X](install-odbc-driver-mac.md) for macOS X operating systems. Also, see "Specifying ODBC Driver Managers on Non- Windows Machines" in the [Amazon Redshift ODBC connector installation and configuration guide](https://s3.amazonaws.com/redshift-downloads/drivers/odbc/1.6.3.1008/Amazon+Redshift+ODBC+Connector+Install+Guide.pdf).
Three files are required for configuring the Amazon Redshift ODBC driver: `amazon.redshiftodbc.ini`, `odbc.ini`, and `odbcinst.ini`.
If you installed to the default location, the `amazon.redshiftodbc.ini` configuration file is located in `/opt/amazon/redshift/lib`.
Additionally, under `/opt/amazon/redshift/Setup` on macOS X, there are sample `odbc.ini` and `odbcinst.ini` files. You can use these files as examples for configuring the Amazon Redshift ODBC driver and the data source name (DSN).
We don't recommend using the Amazon Redshift ODBC driver installation directory for the configuration files. The sample files in the `Setup` directory are for example purposes only. If you reinstall the Amazon Redshift ODBC driver at a later time, or upgrade to a newer version, the installation directory is overwritten. You then lose any changes that you might have made to those files.
To avoid this, copy the `amazon.redshiftodbc.ini` file to a directory other than the installation directory. If you copy this file to the user's home directory, add a period (.) to the beginning of the file name to make it a hidden file.
For the `odbc.ini` and `odbcinst.ini` files, either use the configuration files in the user's home directory or create new versions in another directory. By default, your macOS X operating system should have an `odbc.ini` file and an `odbcinst.ini` file in the user's home directory (`/home/$USER` or `~/`.). These default files are hidden files, which is indicated by the dot (.) in front of each file name. These files display only when you use the `-a` flag to list the directory contents.
Whichever option you choose for the `odbc.ini` and `odbcinst.ini` files, modify the files to add driver and DSN configuration information. If you create new files, you also need to set environment variables to specify where these configuration files are located.
By default, ODBC driver managers are configured to use hidden versions of the `odbc.ini` and `odbcinst.ini` configuration files (named .`odbc.ini` and .`odbcinst.ini`) located in the home directory. They also are configured to use the `amazon.redshiftodbc.ini` file in the `/lib` subfolder of the driver installation directory. If you store these configuration files elsewhere, set the environment variables described following so that the driver manager can locate the files. For more information, see "Specifying the Locations of the Driver Configuration Files" in the [Amazon Redshift ODBC connector installation and configuration guide](https://s3.amazonaws.com/redshift-downloads/drivers/odbc/1.6.3.1008/Amazon+Redshift+ODBC+Connector+Install+Guide.pdf).
## Creating a data source name macOS X operating systems
When connecting to your data store using a data source name (DSN), configure the `odbc.ini` file to define DSNs. Set the properties in the `odbc.ini` file to create a DSN that specifies the connection information for your data store.
For information about how to configure the `odbc.ini` file, see "Creating a Data Source Name on a Non-Windows Machine" in the [Amazon Redshift ODBC connector installation and configuration guide](https://s3.amazonaws.com/redshift-downloads/drivers/odbc/1.6.3.1008/Amazon+Redshift+ODBC+Connector+Install+Guide.pdf)
Use the following format on macOS X operating systems.
```
[ODBC Data Sources]
{{driver_name}}={{dsn_name}}
[{{dsn_name}}]
Driver={{path}}/lib/amazonredshiftodbc.dylib
Host={{cluster_endpoint}}
Port={{port_number}}
Database={{database_name}}
locale={{locale}}
```
The following example shows the configuration for `odbc.ini` on macOS X operating systems.
```
[ODBC Data Sources]
Amazon_Redshift_dylib=Amazon Redshift DSN for macOS X
[Amazon Redshift DSN for macOS X]
Driver=/opt/amazon/redshift/lib/amazonredshiftodbc.dylib
Host=examplecluster.abc123xyz789.us-west-2.redshift.amazonaws.com
Port=5932
Database=dev
locale=en-US
```
## Configuring a connection without a DSN on macOS X operating systems
To connect to your data store through a connection that doesn't have a DSN, define the driver in the `odbcinst.ini` file. Then provide a DSN-less connection string in your application.
For information about how to configure the `odbcinst.ini` file in this case, see "Configuring a DSN-less Connection on a Non-Windows Machine" in the [Amazon Redshift ODBC connector installation and configuration guide](https://s3.amazonaws.com/redshift-downloads/drivers/odbc/1.6.3.1008/Amazon+Redshift+ODBC+Connector+Install+Guide.pdf). .
Use the following format on macOS X operating systems.
```
[ODBC Drivers]
{{driver_name}}=Installed
...
[{{driver_name}}]
Description={{driver_description}}
Driver={{path}}/lib/amazonredshiftodbc.dylib
...
```
The following example shows the `odbcinst.ini` configuration for the driver installed in the default directory on macOS X operating systems.
```
[ODBC Drivers]
Amazon RedshiftODBC DSN=Installed
[Amazon RedshiftODBC DSN]
Description=Amazon Redshift ODBC Driver for macOS X
Driver=/opt/amazon/redshift/lib/amazonredshiftodbc.dylib
```
## Configuring environment variables
Use the correct ODBC driver manager to load the correct driver. To do this, set the library path environment variable. For more information, see "Specifying ODBC Driver Managers on Non-Windows Machines" in the [Amazon Redshift ODBC connector installation and configuration guide](https://s3.amazonaws.com/redshift-downloads/drivers/odbc/1.6.3.1008/Amazon+Redshift+ODBC+Connector+Install+Guide.pdf).
By default, ODBC driver managers are configured to use hidden versions of the `odbc.ini` and `odbcinst.ini` configuration files (named .`odbc.ini` and .`odbcinst.ini`) located in the home directory. They also are configured to use the `amazon.redshiftodbc.ini` file in the `/lib` subfolder of the driver installation directory. If you store these configuration files elsewhere, the environment variables so that the driver manager can locate the files. For more information, see "Specifying the Locations of the Driver Configuration Files" in *Amazon Redshift ODBC Connector Installation and Configuration Guide*.
## Configuring connection features
You can configure the following connection features for your ODBC setting:
+ Configure the ODBC driver to provide credentials and authenticate the connection to the Amazon Redshift database.
+ Configure the ODBC driver to connect to a socket enabled with Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), if you are connecting to an Amazon Redshift server that has SSL enabled.
+ Configure the ODBC driver to connect to Amazon Redshift through a proxy server.
+ Configure the ODBC driver to use a query processing mode to prevent queries from consuming too much memory.
+ Configure the ODBC driver to pass IAM authentication processes through a proxy server.
+ Configure the ODBC driver to use TCP keepalives to prevent connections from timing out.
For information about these connection features, see the [Amazon Redshift ODBC connector installation and configuration guide](https://s3.amazonaws.com/redshift-downloads/drivers/odbc/1.6.3.1008/Amazon+Redshift+ODBC+Connector+Install+Guide.pdf).