Concepts in uncertainty
Uncertainty represents the reliability of our inferences. Some statistics that proxy or
  approximate uncertainty include the softmax probability, predictive variance 
    
    
    
  , and Shannon’s entropy of the softmax vector 
    
    
    
  . This section introduces these statistics and explains what information about
  our predictions they provide. The section also outlines major pathologies of uncertainty that data
  scientists should be aware of.