# Examples of invoking SPARQL `explain` in Neptune
<a name="sparql-explain-examples"></a>

The examples in this section show the various kinds of output you can produce by invoking the SPARQL `explain` feature to analyze query execution in Amazon Neptune.

**Topics**
+ [Understanding Explain Output](#sparql-explain-example-output)
+ [Example of details mode output](#sparql-explain-example-details)
+ [Example of static mode output](#sparql-explain-example-static)
+ [Different ways of encoding parameters](#sparql-explain-example-parameters)
+ [Other output types besides text/plain](#sparql-explain-output-options)
+ [Example of SPARQL `explain` output when the DFE is enabled](#sparql-explain-output-dfe)

## Understanding Explain Output
<a name="sparql-explain-example-output"></a>

In this example, Jane Doe knows two people, namely John Doe and Richard Roe:

```
@prefix ex: <http://example.com> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .

ex:JaneDoe foaf:knows ex:JohnDoe .
ex:JohnDoe foaf:firstName "John" .
ex:JohnDoe foaf:lastName "Doe" .
ex:JaneDoe foaf:knows ex:RichardRoe .
ex:RichardRoe foaf:firstName "Richard" .
ex:RichardRoe foaf:lastName "Roe" .
.
```

To determine the first names of all the people whom Jane Doe knows, you can write the following query:

```
 curl http(s)://your_server:your_port/sparql \
   -d "query=PREFIX foaf: <https://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX ex: <https://www.example.com/> \
       SELECT ?firstName WHERE { ex:JaneDoe foaf:knows ?person . ?person foaf:firstName ?firstName }" \
   -H "Accept: text/csv"
```

This simple query returns the following:

```
firstName
John
Richard
```

Next, change the `curl` command to invoke `explain` by adding `-d "explain=dynamic"` and using the default output type instead of `text/csv`:

```
 curl http(s)://your_server:your_port/sparql \
   -d "query=PREFIX foaf: <https://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX ex: <https://www.example.com/> \
       SELECT ?firstName WHERE { ex:JaneDoe foaf:knows ?person . ?person foaf:firstName ?firstName }" \
   -d "explain=dynamic"
```

The query now returns output in pretty-printed ASCII format (HTTP content type `text/plain`), which is the default output type:

```
╔════╤════════╤════════╤═══════════════════╤═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╤══════════╤══════════╤═══════════╤═══════╤═══════════╗
║ ID │ Out #1 │ Out #2 │ Name              │ Arguments                                             │ Mode     │ Units In │ Units Out │ Ratio │ Time (ms) ║
╠════╪════════╪════════╪═══════════════════╪═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╪══════════╪══════════╪═══════════╪═══════╪═══════════╣
║ 0  │ 1      │ -      │ SolutionInjection │ solutions=[{}]                                        │ -        │ 0        │ 1         │ 0.00  │ 0         ║
╟────┼────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────┼──────────┼───────────┼───────┼───────────╢
║ 1  │ 2      │ -      │ PipelineJoin      │ pattern=distinct(ex:JaneDoe, foaf:knows, ?person)     │ -        │ 1        │ 2         │ 2.00  │ 1         ║
║    │        │        │                   │ joinType=join                                         │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ joinProjectionVars=[?person]                          │          │          │           │       │           ║
╟────┼────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────┼──────────┼───────────┼───────┼───────────╢
║ 2  │ 3      │ -      │ PipelineJoin      │ pattern=distinct(?person, foaf:firstName, ?firstName) │ -        │ 2        │ 2         │ 1.00  │ 1         ║
║    │        │        │                   │ joinType=join                                         │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ joinProjectionVars=[?person, ?firstName]              │          │          │           │       │           ║
╟────┼────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────┼──────────┼───────────┼───────┼───────────╢
║ 3  │ 4      │ -      │ Projection        │ vars=[?firstName]                                     │ retain   │ 2        │ 2         │ 1.00  │ 0         ║
╟────┼────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────┼──────────┼───────────┼───────┼───────────╢
║ 4  │ -      │ -      │ TermResolution    │ vars=[?firstName]                                     │ id2value │ 2        │ 2         │ 1.00  │ 1         ║
╚════╧════════╧════════╧═══════════════════╧═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╧══════════╧══════════╧═══════════╧═══════╧═══════════╝
```

For details about the operations in the `Name` column and their arguments, see [explain operators](sparql-explain-operators.md).

The following describes the output row by row:

1. The first step in the main query always uses the `SolutionInjection` operator to inject a solution. The solution is then expanded to the final result through the evaluation process.

   In this case, it injects the so-called universal solution `{ }`. In the presence of `VALUES` clauses or a `BIND`, this step might also inject more complex variable bindings to start out with.

   The `Units Out` column indicates that this single solution flows out of the operator. The `Out #1` column specifies the operator into which this operator feeds the result. In this example, all operators are connected to the operator that follows in the table.

1. The second step is a `PipelineJoin`. It receives as input the single universal (fully unconstrained) solution produced by the previous operator (`Units In := 1`). It joins it against the tuple pattern defined by its `pattern` argument. This corresponds to a simple lookup for the pattern. In this case, the triple pattern is defined as the following:

   ```
   distinct( ex:JaneDoe, foaf:knows, ?person )
   ```

   The `joinType := join` argument indicates that this is a normal join (other types include `optional` joins, `existence check` joins, and so on).

   The `distinct := true` argument says that you extract only distinct matches from the database (no duplicates), and you bind the distinct matches to the variable `joinProjectionVars := ?person`, deduplicated.

   The fact that the `Units Out` column value is 2 indicates that there are two solutions flowing out. Specifically, these are the bindings for the `?person` variable, reflecting the two people that the data shows that Jane Doe knows:

   ```
    ?person
    -------------
    ex:JohnDoe
    ex:RichardRoe
   ```

1. The two solutions from stage 2 flow as input (`Units In := 2`) into the second `PipelineJoin`. This operator joins the two previous solutions with the following triple pattern:

   ```
   distinct(?person, foaf:firstName, ?firstName)
   ```

   The `?person` variable is known to be bound either to `ex:JohnDoe` or to `ex:RichardRoe` by the operator's incoming solution. Given that, the `PipelineJoin` extracts the first names, John and Richard. The outgoing two solutions (Units Out := 2) are then as follows:

   ```
    ?person       | ?firstName
    ---------------------------
    ex:JohnDoe    | John
    ex:RichardRoe | Richard
   ```

1. The next projection operator takes as input the two solutions from stage 3 (`Units In := 2`) and projects onto the `?firstName` variable. This eliminates all other variable bindings in the mappings and passes on the two bindings (`Units Out := 2`):

   ```
    ?firstName
    ----------
    John
    Richard
   ```

1. To improve performance, Neptune operates where possible on internal identifiers that it assigns to terms such as URIs and string literals, rather than on the strings themselves. The final operator, `TermResolution`, performs a mapping from these internal identifiers back to the corresponding term strings.

   In regular (non-explain) query evaluation, the result computed by the last operator is then serialized into the requested serialization format and streamed to the client.

## Example of details mode output
<a name="sparql-explain-example-details"></a>

Suppose that you run the same query as the previous in *details* mode instead of *dynamic* mode:

```
 curl http(s)://your_server:your_port/sparql \
   -d "query=PREFIX foaf: <https://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX ex: <https://www.example.com/> \
       SELECT ?firstName WHERE { ex:JaneDoe foaf:knows ?person . ?person foaf:firstName ?firstName }" \
   -d "explain=details"
```

As this example shows, the output is the same with some additional details such as the query string at the top of the output, and the `patternEstimate` count for the `PipelineJoin` operator:

```
Query:
PREFIX foaf: <https://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX ex: <https://www.example.com/>
SELECT ?firstName WHERE { ex:JaneDoe foaf:knows ?person . ?person foaf:firstName ?firstName }

╔════╤════════╤════════╤═══════════════════╤═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╤══════════╤══════════╤═══════════╤═══════╤═══════════╗
║ ID │ Out #1 │ Out #2 │ Name              │ Arguments                                             │ Mode     │ Units In │ Units Out │ Ratio │ Time (ms) ║
╠════╪════════╪════════╪═══════════════════╪═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╪══════════╪══════════╪═══════════╪═══════╪═══════════╣
║ 0  │ 1      │ -      │ SolutionInjection │ solutions=[{}]                                        │ -        │ 0        │ 1         │ 0.00  │ 0         ║
╟────┼────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────┼──────────┼───────────┼───────┼───────────╢
║ 1  │ 2      │ -      │ PipelineJoin      │ pattern=distinct(ex:JaneDoe, foaf:knows, ?person)     │ -        │ 1        │ 2         │ 2.00  │ 13        ║
║    │        │        │                   │ joinType=join                                         │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ joinProjectionVars=[?person]                          │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ patternEstimate=2                                     │          │          │           │       │           ║
╟────┼────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────┼──────────┼───────────┼───────┼───────────╢
║ 2  │ 3      │ -      │ PipelineJoin      │ pattern=distinct(?person, foaf:firstName, ?firstName) │ -        │ 2        │ 2         │ 1.00  │ 3         ║
║    │        │        │                   │ joinType=join                                         │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ joinProjectionVars=[?person, ?firstName]              │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ patternEstimate=2                                     │          │          │           │       │           ║
╟────┼────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────┼──────────┼───────────┼───────┼───────────╢
║ 3  │ 4      │ -      │ Projection        │ vars=[?firstName]                                     │ retain   │ 2        │ 2         │ 1.00  │ 1         ║
╟────┼────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────┼──────────┼───────────┼───────┼───────────╢
║ 4  │ -      │ -      │ TermResolution    │ vars=[?firstName]                                     │ id2value │ 2        │ 2         │ 1.00  │ 7         ║
╚════╧════════╧════════╧═══════════════════╧═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╧══════════╧══════════╧═══════════╧═══════╧═══════════╝
```

## Example of static mode output
<a name="sparql-explain-example-static"></a>

Suppose that you run the same query as the previous in *static* mode (the default) instead of *details* mode:

```
 curl http(s)://your_server:your_port/sparql \
   -d "query=PREFIX foaf: <https://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX ex: <https://www.example.com/> \
       SELECT ?firstName WHERE { ex:JaneDoe foaf:knows ?person . ?person foaf:firstName ?firstName }" \
   -d "explain=static"
```

As this example shows, the output is the same, except that it omits the last three columns:

```
╔════╤════════╤════════╤═══════════════════╤═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╤══════════╗
║ ID │ Out #1 │ Out #2 │ Name              │ Arguments                                             │ Mode     ║
╠════╪════════╪════════╪═══════════════════╪═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╪══════════╣
║ 0  │ 1      │ -      │ SolutionInjection │ solutions=[{}]                                        │ -        ║
╟────┼────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────╢
║ 1  │ 2      │ -      │ PipelineJoin      │ pattern=distinct(ex:JaneDoe, foaf:knows, ?person)     │ -        ║
║    │        │        │                   │ joinType=join                                         │          ║
║    │        │        │                   │ joinProjectionVars=[?person]                          │          ║
╟────┼────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────╢
║ 2  │ 3      │ -      │ PipelineJoin      │ pattern=distinct(?person, foaf:firstName, ?firstName) │ -        ║
║    │        │        │                   │ joinType=join                                         │          ║
║    │        │        │                   │ joinProjectionVars=[?person, ?firstName]              │          ║
╟────┼────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────╢
║ 3  │ 4      │ -      │ Projection        │ vars=[?firstName]                                     │ retain   ║
╟────┼────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────╢
║ 4  │ -      │ -      │ TermResolution    │ vars=[?firstName]                                     │ id2value ║
╚════╧════════╧════════╧═══════════════════╧═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╧══════════╝
```

## Different ways of encoding parameters
<a name="sparql-explain-example-parameters"></a>

The following example queries illustrate two different ways to encode parameters when invoking SPARQL `explain`.

**Using URL encoding** – This example uses URL encoding of parameters, and specifies *dynamic* output:

```
curl -XGET "http(s)://your_server:your_port/sparql?query=SELECT%20*%20WHERE%20%7B%20%3Fs%20%3Fp%20%3Fo%20%7D%20LIMIT%20%31&explain=dynamic"
```

**Specifying the parameters directly** – This is the same as the previous query except that it passes the parameters through POST directly:

```
 curl http(s)://your_server:your_port/sparql \
   -d "query=SELECT * WHERE { ?s ?p ?o } LIMIT 1" \
   -d "explain=dynamic"
```

## Other output types besides text/plain
<a name="sparql-explain-output-options"></a>

The preceding examples use the default `text/plain` output type. Neptune can also format SPARQL `explain` output in two other MIME-type formats, namely `text/csv` and `text/html`. You invoke them by setting the HTTP `Accept` header, which you can do using the `-H` flag in `curl`, as follows:

```
  -H "Accept: output type"
```

Here are some examples:

**`text/csv` Output**  
This query calls for CSV MIME-type output by specifying `-H "Accept: text/csv"`:

```
 curl http(s)://your_server:your_port/sparql \
   -d "query=SELECT * WHERE { ?s ?p ?o } LIMIT 1" \
   -d "explain=dynamic" \
   -H "Accept: text/csv"
```

The CSV format, which is handy for importing into a spreadsheet or database, separates the fields in each `explain` row by semicolons ( `;` ), like this:

```
ID;Out #1;Out #2;Name;Arguments;Mode;Units In;Units Out;Ratio;Time (ms)
0;1;-;SolutionInjection;solutions=[{}];-;0;1;0.00;0
1;2;-;PipelineJoin;pattern=distinct(?s, ?p, ?o),joinType=join,joinProjectionVars=[?s, ?p, ?o];-;1;6;6.00;1
2;3;-;Projection;vars=[?s, ?p, ?o];retain;6;6;1.00;2
3;-;-;Slice;limit=1;-;1;1;1.00;1
```

 

**`text/html` Output**  
If you specify `-H "Accept: text/html"`, then `explain` generates an HTML table:

```
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <body>
    <table border="1px">
      <thead>
        <tr>
          <th>ID</th>
          <th>Out #1</th>
          <th>Out #2</th>
          <th>Name</th>
          <th>Arguments</th>
          <th>Mode</th>
          <th>Units In</th>
          <th>Units Out</th>
          <th>Ratio</th>
          <th>Time (ms)</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>

      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <td>0</td>
          <td>1</td>
          <td>-</td>
          <td>SolutionInjection</td>
          <td>solutions=[{}]</td>
          <td>-</td>
          <td>0</td>
          <td>1</td>
          <td>0.00</td>
          <td>0</td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>1</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>-</td>
          <td>PipelineJoin</td>
          <td>pattern=distinct(?s, ?p, ?o)<br>
              joinType=join<br>
              joinProjectionVars=[?s, ?p, ?o]</td>
          <td>-</td>
          <td>1</td>
          <td>6</td>
          <td>6.00</td>
          <td>1</td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>3</td>
          <td>-</td>
          <td>Projection</td>
          <td>vars=[?s, ?p, ?o]</td>
          <td>retain</td>
          <td>6</td>
          <td>6</td>
          <td>1.00</td>
          <td>2</td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>3</td>
          <td>-</td>
          <td>-</td>
          <td>Slice</td>
          <td>limit=1</td>
          <td>-</td>
          <td>1</td>
          <td>1</td>
          <td>1.00</td>
          <td>1</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
  </body>
</html>
```

The HTML renders in a browser something like the following:

![\[Sample of SPARQL Explain HTML output.\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/neptune/latest/userguide/images/sparql-explain-dynamic-html-output.png)


## Example of SPARQL `explain` output when the DFE is enabled
<a name="sparql-explain-output-dfe"></a>

The following is an example of SPARQL `explain` output when the Neptune DFE alternative query engine is enabled:

```
╔════╤════════╤════════╤═══════════════════╤═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╤══════════╤══════════╤═══════════╤═══════╤═══════════╗
║ ID │ Out #1 │ Out #2 │ Name              │ Arguments                                                                                                                                                                                                               │ Mode     │ Units In │ Units Out │ Ratio │ Time (ms) ║
╠════╪════════╪════════╪═══════════════════╪═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╪══════════╪══════════╪═══════════╪═══════╪═══════════╣
║ 0  │ 1      │ -      │ SolutionInjection │ solutions=[{}]                                                                                                                                                                                                          │ -        │ 0        │ 1         │ 0.00  │ 0         ║
╟────┼────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────┼──────────┼───────────┼───────┼───────────╢
║ 1  │ 2      │ -      │ HashIndexBuild    │ solutionSet=solutionSet1                                                                                                                                                                                                │ -        │ 1        │ 1         │ 1.00  │ 22        ║
║    │        │        │                   │ joinVars=[]                                                                                                                                                                                                             │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ sourceType=pipeline                                                                                                                                                                                                     │          │          │           │       │           ║
╟────┼────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────┼──────────┼───────────┼───────┼───────────╢
║ 2  │ 3      │ -      │ DFENode           │ DFE Stats=                                                                                                                                                                                                                    │ -        │ 101      │ 100       │ 0.99  │ 32        ║
║    │        │        │                   │ ====> DFE execution time (measured by DFEQueryEngine)                                                                                                                                                                   │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ accepted [micros]=127                                                                                                                                                                                                   │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ ready [micros]=2                                                                                                                                                                                                        │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ running [micros]=5627                                                                                                                                                                                                   │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ finished [micros]=0                                                                                                                                                                                                     │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │                                                                                                                                                                                                                         │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │                                                                                                                                                                                                                         │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ ===> DFE execution time (measured in DFENode)                                                                                                                                                                           │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ -> setupTime [ms]=1                                                                                                                                                                                                     │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ -> executionTime [ms]=14                                                                                                                                                                                                │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ -> resultReadTime [ms]=0                                                                                                                                                                                                │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │                                                                                                                                                                                                                         │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │                                                                                                                                                                                                                         │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ ===> Static analysis statistics                                                                                                                                                                                         │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ --> 35907 micros spent in parser.                                                                                                                                                                                       │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ --> 7643 micros spent in range count estimation                                                                                                                                                                         │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ --> 2895 micros spent in value resolution                                                                                                                                                                               │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │                                                                                                                                                                                                                         │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ --> 39974925 micros spent in optimizer loop                                                                                                                                                                             │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │                                                                                                                                                                                                                         │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │                                                                                                                                                                                                                         │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ DFEJoinGroupNode[ children={                                                                                                                                                                                            │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │   DFEPatternNode[(?1, TERM[117442062], ?2, ?3) . project DISTINCT[?1, ?2] {rangeCountEstimate=100},                                                                                                                     │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │     OperatorInfoWithAlternative[                                                                                                                                                                                        │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │       rec=OperatorInfo[                                                                                                                                                                                                 │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │         type=INCREMENTAL_PIPELINE_JOIN,                                                                                                                                                                                 │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │         costEstimates=OperatorCostEstimates[                                                                                                                                                                            │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │           costEstimate=OperatorCostEstimate[in=1.0000,out=100.0000,io=0.0002,comp=0.0000,mem=0],                                                                                                                        │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │           worstCaseCostEstimate=OperatorCostEstimate[in=1.0000,out=100.0000,io=0.0002,comp=0.0000,mem=0]]],                                                                                                             │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │       alt=OperatorInfo[                                                                                                                                                                                                 │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │         type=INCREMENTAL_HASH_JOIN,                                                                                                                                                                                     │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │         costEstimates=OperatorCostEstimates[                                                                                                                                                                            │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │           costEstimate=OperatorCostEstimate[in=1.0000,out=100.0000,io=0.0003,comp=0.0000,mem=3212],                                                                                                                     │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │           worstCaseCostEstimate=OperatorCostEstimate[in=1.0000,out=100.0000,io=0.0003,comp=0.0000,mem=3212]]]]],                                                                                                        │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │   DFEPatternNode[(?1, TERM[150997262], ?4, ?5) . project DISTINCT[?1, ?4] {rangeCountEstimate=100},                                                                                                                     │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │     OperatorInfoWithAlternative[                                                                                                                                                                                        │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │       rec=OperatorInfo[                                                                                                                                                                                                 │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │         type=INCREMENTAL_HASH_JOIN,                                                                                                                                                                                     │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │         costEstimates=OperatorCostEstimates[                                                                                                                                                                            │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │           costEstimate=OperatorCostEstimate[in=100.0000,out=100.0000,io=0.0003,comp=0.0000,mem=6400],                                                                                                                   │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │           worstCaseCostEstimate=OperatorCostEstimate[in=100.0000,out=100.0000,io=0.0003,comp=0.0000,mem=6400]]],                                                                                                        │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │       alt=OperatorInfo[                                                                                                                                                                                                 │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │         type=INCREMENTAL_PIPELINE_JOIN,                                                                                                                                                                                 │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │         costEstimates=OperatorCostEstimates[                                                                                                                                                                            │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │           costEstimate=OperatorCostEstimate[in=100.0000,out=100.0000,io=0.0010,comp=0.0000,mem=0],                                                                                                                      │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │           worstCaseCostEstimate=OperatorCostEstimate[in=100.0000,out=100.0000,io=0.0010,comp=0.0000,mem=0]]]]]                                                                                                          │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ },                                                                                                                                                                                                                      │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ ]                                                                                                                                                                                                                       │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │                                                                                                                                                                                                                         │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ ===> DFE configuration:                                                                                                                                                                                                 │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ solutionChunkSize=5000                                                                                                                                                                                                  │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ ouputQueueSize=20                                                                                                                                                                                                       │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ numComputeCores=3                                                                                                                                                                                                       │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ maxParallelIO=10                                                                                                                                                                                                        │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ numInitialPermits=12                                                                                                                                                                                                    │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │                                                                                                                                                                                                                         │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │                                                                                                                                                                                                                         │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ ====> DFE configuration (reported back)                                                                                                                                                                                 │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ numComputeCores=3                                                                                                                                                                                                       │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ maxParallelIO=2                                                                                                                                                                                                         │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ numInitialPermits=12                                                                                                                                                                                                    │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │                                                                                                                                                                                                                         │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ ===> Statistics & operator histogram                                                                                                                                                                                    │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ ==> Statistics                                                                                                                                                                                                          │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ -> 3741 / 3668 micros total elapsed (incl. wait / excl. wait)                                                                                                                                                           │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ -> 3741 / 3 millis total elapse (incl. wait / excl. wait)                                                                                                                                                               │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ -> 3741 / 0 secs total elapsed (incl. wait / excl. wait)                                                                                                                                                                │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ ==> Operator histogram                                                                                                                                                                                                  │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ -> 47.66% of total time (excl. wait): pipelineScan (2 instances)                                                                                                                                                        │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ -> 10.99% of total time (excl. wait): merge (1 instances)                                                                                                                                                               │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ -> 41.17% of total time (excl. wait): symmetricHashJoin (1 instances)                                                                                                                                                   │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ -> 0.19% of total time (excl. wait): drain (1 instances)                                                                                                                                                                │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │                                                                                                                                                                                                                         │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ nodeId | out0   | out1 | opName            | args                                             | rowsIn | rowsOut | chunksIn | chunksOut | elapsed* | outWait | outBlocked | ratio    | rate* [M/s] | rate [M/s] | %     │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ ------ | ------ | ---- | ----------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | ------ | ------- | -------- | --------- | -------- | ------- | ---------- | -------- | ----------- | ---------- | ----- │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ node_0 | node_2 | -    | pipelineScan      | (?1, TERM[117442062], ?2, ?3) DISTINCT [?1, ?2]  | 0      | 100     | 0        | 1         | 874      | 0       | 0          | Infinity | 0.1144      | 0.1144     | 23.83 │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ node_1 | node_2 | -    | pipelineScan      | (?1, TERM[150997262], ?4, ?5) DISTINCT [?1, ?4]  | 0      | 100     | 0        | 1         | 874      | 0       | 0          | Infinity | 0.1144      | 0.1144     | 23.83 │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ node_2 | node_4 | -    | symmetricHashJoin |                                                  | 200    | 100     | 2        | 2         | 1510     | 73      | 0          | 0.50     | 0.0662      | 0.0632     | 41.17 │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ node_3 | -      | -    | drain             |                                                  | 100    | 0       | 1        | 0         | 7        | 0       | 0          | 0.00     | 0.0000      | 0.0000     | 0.19  │          │          │           │       │           ║
║    │        │        │                   │ node_4 | node_3 | -    | merge             |                                                  | 100    | 100     | 2        | 1         | 403      | 0       | 0          | 1.00     | 0.2481      | 0.2481     | 10.99 │          │          │           │       │           ║
╟────┼────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────┼──────────┼───────────┼───────┼───────────╢
║ 3  │ 4      │ -      │ HashIndexJoin     │ solutionSet=solutionSet1                                                                                                                                                                                                │ -        │ 100      │ 100       │ 1.00  │ 4         ║
║    │        │        │                   │ joinType=join                                                                                                                                                                                                           │          │          │           │       │           ║
╟────┼────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────┼──────────┼───────────┼───────┼───────────╢
║ 4  │ 5      │ -      │ Distinct          │ vars=[?s, ?o, ?o1]                                                                                                                                                                                                      │ -        │ 100      │ 100       │ 1.00  │ 9         ║
╟────┼────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────┼──────────┼───────────┼───────┼───────────╢
║ 5  │ 6      │ -      │ Projection        │ vars=[?s, ?o, ?o1]                                                                                                                                                                                                      │ retain   │ 100      │ 100       │ 1.00  │ 2         ║
╟────┼────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────┼──────────┼───────────┼───────┼───────────╢
║ 6  │ -      │ -      │ TermResolution    │ vars=[?s, ?o, ?o1]                                                                                                                                                                                                      │ id2value │ 100      │ 100       │ 1.00  │ 11        ║
╚════╧════════╧════════╧═══════════════════╧═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╧══════════╧══════════╧═══════════╧═══════╧═══════════╝
```