# Definitions Builders, architects, chief information/privacy officers (CIOs/CPOs), and technologists can use the following definitions as a starting point to understand commonly used Māori terms and phrases relating to protocol (tikanga), principles, and values from a Māori viewpoint (te ao Māori). + **Hapū:** A collection of whānau with a shared genealogy at a smaller unit than an Iwi. A collective of hapū form an iwi. + **Iwi:** A Māori community or people made up of more than one hapū. + **Kaitiakitanga:** Guardianship or management of both the seen and unseen worlds – this could be extended to the digital realm where past, present, and future knowledge, culture and history is increasingly being created, shared, and preserved. + **Kotahitanga:** Unity or solidarity. The state or circumstances of being one. + **Manaakitanga**: Hospitality, kindness, generosity, support - the process of showing respect, generosity and care for others. This can be demonstrated in how a service is delivered to someone, their family (whānau) and communities. + **Māori data (digital): ** A digital record from or about Māori, the places Māori have a connection with based on their heritage. Digitised data about iwi, hapū or Māori organisation, language, culture, resources, environments or knowledge systems. + **Māori owned-businesses: **There is not one single agreed definition on *Māori owned* or a *Māori business*. The following combines a few suggestions for how your organisation can determine and define Māori owned-businesses for the purposes of partnership and understanding your Māori customers: + **Ownership:** Some define this as having at least 50% of each class of partnership interest owned by Māori people but this can be limited to certain situations. Alternatively, you can determine Māori ownership if it is owned or part-owned by a person or people where their whakapapa is Māori (have a verifiable Māori genealogical lineage) and a representative of the business identifies it as a Māori business. + **Self-identification:** If people promote themselves as a Māori business. + **Employment:** If business employs a large percentage of Māori staff. + **Values:** They run their business according to potentially both traditional and contemporary aspects of Māori culture and values. Examples of this include employing whānau, welcoming visitors, and using traditional practices. + **Mātauranga Māori:** Māori knowledge. + **Tangata whenua:** (Māori) people of the land. + **Whakapapa:** A line of descent from one's ancestry. This places oneself in a wider context, and links oneself to land and tribal groupings. + **Whānau:** An extended family or community of related families who may live together in the same area. + **Whanaungatanga:** Close connection between people. It could mean kinship or a sense of family connection. + **Workload:** A workload is a collection of resources and code that delivers business value, such as a customer-facing application or a backend process. A workload might consist of a subset of resources in a single AWS account or be a collection of multiple resources spanning multiple AWS accounts.