Amazon Redshift non supporterà più la creazione di nuovi Python UDFs a partire dalla Patch 198. Python esistente UDFs continuerà a funzionare fino al 30 giugno 2026. Per ulteriori informazioni, consulta il [post del blog](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/big-data/amazon-redshift-python-user-defined-functions-will-reach-end-of-support-after-june-30-2026/). 

Le traduzioni sono generate tramite traduzione automatica. In caso di conflitto tra il contenuto di una traduzione e la versione originale in Inglese, quest'ultima prevarrà.

# Autorizzazioni federate Amazon Redshift: esempi end-to-end
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples"></a>

Di seguito è riportato un end-to-end esempio che mostra come è possibile creare e gestire politiche complete di governance dei dati utilizzando Amazon Redshift Federated Permissions. Queste politiche includono Row Level Security (RLS), Dynamic Data Masking (DDM) e Column Level Permissions (CLP) che interagiscono per controllare l'accesso ai dati in base ai ruoli e alle condizioni degli utenti.

Devi essere `superuser` o avere il ruolo [sys:secadmin](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_roles-default.html) per eseguire questo esempio.

## Prerequisiti
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-prereqs"></a>

Gli esempi presuppongono che i seguenti ruoli «iamr:Role\$1name» siano già presenti nell'account, altrimenti creali. Inoltre, il data warehouse Redshift è registrato AWS Glue Data Catalog con il nome «catalog\$1name» e dispone di un database di «db\$1name».

## Nell'istanza del catalogo concedi il ruolo sys:secadmin al ruolo IAM corrispondente
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-catalog-grant"></a>

```
-- Grant sys:secadmin role to relevant user (must be run on Redshift catalog instance)   
        GRANT ROLE sys:secadmin TO "IAMR:AccountSecurityAdminrole_name";
```

### Il resto verrà eseguito su Redshift Compute Warehouse
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-compute"></a>

Se utilizzi utenti IAM o iDC, puoi saltare i due passaggi seguenti per creare gli utenti del magazzino locale e la mappatura delle identità globali.

#### Fase 1: creazione del magazzino locale: utenti necessari per testare le politiche di governance
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-users"></a>

```
-- Create test users.  
CREATE USER alice WITH PASSWORD 'Alice_pass_1';  
CREATE USER oscar WITH PASSWORD 'Oscar_pass_1';  
CREATE USER sierra WITH PASSWORD 'Sierra_pass_1';
```

#### Fase 2: Configurazione della mappatura dei ruoli IAM di Global Identity
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-mapping"></a>

```
-- Map local users to IAM roles (executed by superuser).  
        
-- Make user sierra a sys:secadmin by setting the global identity  
-- to `IAMR:AccountSecurityAdmin`.  
-- This role has been granted secadmin privilege on Redshift catalog instance.  

ALTER USER sierra SET GLOBAL IDENTITY  
IAM_ROLE 'arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/AccountSecurityAdmin';  

ALTER USER alice SET GLOBAL IDENTITY  
IAM_ROLE 'arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/Analyst';  

ALTER USER oscar SET GLOBAL IDENTITY  
IAM_ROLE 'arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/Operator';  

-- Verify global identity settings.  
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION sierra;  
SHOW GLOBAL IDENTITY;  

SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION alice;  
SHOW GLOBAL IDENTITY;  

SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION oscar;  
SHOW GLOBAL IDENTITY;  

-- Reset to default session.  
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
```

## Configurazione dell'ambiente
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-environment"></a>

Innanzitutto, crea tabelle e compilale con dati di esempio sui clienti e tabelle di ricerca per le politiche di governance.

```
-- Create the main customer table.  
CREATE TABLE db_name@catalog_name.public.customers (  
    id INTEGER,  
    name VARCHAR(50),  
    email VARCHAR(100),  
    region VARCHAR(20),  
    revenue DECIMAL(10,2)  
);  

-- Populate with sample customer data.  
INSERT INTO db_name@catalog_name.public.customers VALUES  
(1, 'John Smith', 'john@email.com', 'US', 1000.00),  
(2, 'Jane Doe', 'jane@email.com', 'EU', 500.00),  
(3, 'Mike Johnson', 'mike@email.com', 'US', 2000.00);  

-- Grant basic table access.  
GRANT ALL ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers TO PUBLIC;  

-- Create lookup table for region-based policies.  
CREATE TABLE db_name@catalog_name.public.lookup_regions (  
    region_code VARCHAR(20),  
    allowed BOOLEAN  
);  

INSERT INTO db_name@catalog_name.public.lookup_regions VALUES   
('US', TRUE),   
('EU', FALSE),   
('APAC', TRUE);  

GRANT ALL ON db_name@catalog_name.public.lookup_regions TO PUBLIC;  

-- Create lookup table for revenue-based masking.  
CREATE TABLE db_name@catalog_name.public.lookup_revenue_tiers (base_revenue INTEGER);  

INSERT INTO db_name@catalog_name.public.lookup_revenue_tiers VALUES (1000), (2000);  
GRANT ALL ON db_name@catalog_name.public.lookup_revenue_tiers TO PUBLIC;
```

## Impostazione delle autorizzazioni a livello di colonna (CLP)
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-clp"></a>

Configura l'accesso a livello di colonna per diversi utenti per controllare a quali colonne possono accedere gli utenti.

```
-- Grant specific column access to Analyst i.e. `alice`.  
GRANT SELECT (id, region) ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers  
    TO "IAMR:Analyst";  

-- Grant different column access to Operator i.e. `oscar`.  
GRANT SELECT (id, name, revenue) ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers  
    TO "IAMR:operator";
```

## Creazione di policy di sicurezza a livello di riga (RLS)
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-rls"></a>

Crea policy RLS per controllare quali righe possono essere visualizzate dagli utenti in base alle autorizzazioni e alle condizioni dei dati.

```
-- Switch to admin user to create policies.  
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION sierra;  

-- Create simple RLS policy: Analysts see only US customers.  
CREATE RLS POLICY db_name@catalog_name.us_only   
WITH (region VARCHAR(20))   
USING (region = 'US');  

-- Attach the policy to the Analyst i.e. `alice`.  
ATTACH RLS POLICY db_name@catalog_name.us_only   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers   
TO "IAMR:Analyst";  

-- Enable row level security on the table.  
ALTER TABLE db_name@catalog_name.public.customers ROW LEVEL SECURITY ON;  

-- Create advanced RLS policy using lookup table.  
CREATE RLS POLICY db_name@catalog_name.region_lookup_policy  
WITH (region VARCHAR(20)) AS r  
USING (r.region IN (  
    SELECT region_code   
    FROM public.lookup_regions   
    WHERE allowed = TRUE  
));  

-- Attach the lookup-based policy to Operator i.e. `oscar`.  
ATTACH RLS POLICY db_name@catalog_name.region_lookup_policy   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers   
TO "IAMR:Operator";
```

## Creazione di policy DDM (Dynamic Data Masking)
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-ddm"></a>

Crea policy di mascheramento per offuscare i dati sensibili in base ai ruoli e alle condizioni degli utenti.

```
-- Create masking policy for PII data (names and emails).  
CREATE MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.mask_pii   
WITH (DATA VARCHAR(100))  
USING (SHA2(DATA + 'secret', 256)::TEXT);  

-- Attach masking to name and email columns for all users.  
ATTACH MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.mask_pii   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers (name)   
TO PUBLIC;  

ATTACH MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.mask_pii   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers (email)   
TO PUBLIC;  

-- Create conditional masking policy for revenue data.  
CREATE MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.conditional_mask  
WITH (revenue DECIMAL(10,2))  
USING (CASE WHEN revenue IN (SELECT base_revenue  
                                    FROM public.lookup_revenue_tiers)  
            THEN revenue ELSE 0.00 END);  

-- Attach conditional masking to Analyst i.e. `alice` with priority.  
ATTACH MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.conditional_mask   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers (revenue)   
TO "IAMR:Analyst"   
PRIORITY 20;
```

## Available/Applied Politiche di controllo
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-audit"></a>

Utilizza i comandi SHOW per confermare che le tue politiche di governance siano configurate correttamente.

```
-- Show all RLS policies in the database.  
SHOW RLS POLICIES FROM DATABASE db_name@catalog_name LIMIT 10;  

-- Show RLS policies for specific users and tables.  
SHOW RLS POLICIES ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers FOR "IAMR:Analyst" LIMIT 10;  
SHOW RLS POLICIES ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers FOR "IAMR:Operator" LIMIT 10;  
SHOW RLS POLICIES ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers FOR PUBLIC LIMIT 10;  

-- Show all masking policies in the database.  
SHOW MASKING POLICIES FROM DATABASE db_name@catalog_name LIMIT 10;  

-- Show Masking policies for specific users and tables.  
SHOW MASKING POLICIES ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers FOR "IAMR:Analyst" LIMIT 10;  
SHOW MASKING POLICIES ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers FOR "IAMR:Operator" LIMIT 10;  
SHOW MASKING POLICIES ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers FOR PUBLIC LIMIT 10;
```

## Test dei modelli di accesso
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-testing"></a>

Verifica in che modo i diversi utenti vedono i dati in base ai loro ruoli e alle politiche applicate.

```
-- Test as analyst: Only US customers, only id/region columns,  
-- conditional revenue masking.  
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION alice;  
SELECT id, region FROM db_name@catalog_name.public.customers ORDER BY id;  
SELECT id, region, revenue FROM db_name@catalog_name.public.customers ORDER BY id;  

-- Test as operator: Allowed regions only, masked names, specific columns.  
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION oscar;  
SELECT id, name, revenue FROM db_name@catalog_name.public.customers ORDER BY id;  
SELECT id, name, region FROM db_name@catalog_name.public.customers ORDER BY id;  

-- Test as admin: Full access to all data.  
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION sierra;  
SELECT * FROM db_name@catalog_name.public.customers ORDER BY id;
```

## Modifica delle politiche
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-alter"></a>

Modifica le politiche esistenti per modificarne il comportamento senza ricrearle.

```
-- Switch back to admin user.  
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION sierra;  

-- Alter the PII masking policy to use simple string replacement.  
ALTER MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.mask_pii  
USING ('***MASKED***'::TEXT);  

-- Alter the conditional masking policy to use different threshold.  
ALTER MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.conditional_mask  
USING (CASE WHEN revenue >= 500.00 THEN revenue ELSE -1.00 END);  

-- Alter the RLS policy to show only disallowed regions.  
ALTER RLS POLICY db_name@catalog_name.region_lookup_policy  
USING (r.region IN (  
    SELECT region_code   
    FROM db_name@catalog_name.public.lookup_regions   
    WHERE allowed = FALSE  
));
```

## Separazione e abbandono delle politiche
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-detach"></a>

Rimuovi le politiche quando non sono più necessarie.

```
-- Detach RLS policies from users.  
DETACH RLS POLICY db_name@catalog_name.us_only   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers   
FROM "IAMR:Analyst";  

DETACH RLS POLICY db_name@catalog_name.region_lookup_policy   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers   
FROM "IAMR:Operator";  

-- Detach masking policies.  
DETACH MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.mask_pii   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers (name)   
FROM PUBLIC;  

DETACH MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.mask_pii   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers (email)   
FROM PUBLIC;  

DETACH MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.conditional_mask   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers (revenue)   
FROM "IAMR:Analyst";
```

## Pulizia: disattiva RLS e elimina le politiche
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-cleanup"></a>

```
-- Turn off Row-level security.  
ALTER TABLE db_name@catalog_name.public.customers ROW LEVEL SECURITY OFF;  

-- Drop policies.  
DROP RLS POLICY db_name@catalog_name.us_only CASCADE;  
DROP RLS POLICY db_name@catalog_name.region_lookup_policy CASCADE;  
DROP MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.mask_pii CASCADE;  
DROP MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.conditional_mask CASCADE;  

-- Drop tables.  
DROP TABLE db_name@catalog_name.public.customers;  
DROP TABLE db_name@catalog_name.public.lookup_regions;  
DROP TABLE db_name@catalog_name.public.lookup_revenue_tiers;
```

## Reimposta l'identità globale
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-global"></a>

```
-- TO rest the global identity.  
ALTER USER alice RESET GLOBAL IDENTITY;  
ALTER USER oscar RESET GLOBAL IDENTITY;  
ALTER USER sierra RESET GLOBAL IDENTITY;
```