End of support notice: On May 20, 2026, AWS will end support for Amazon Inspector Classic. After May 20, 2026, you will no longer be able to access the Amazon Inspector Classic console or Amazon Inspector Classic resources. Amazon Inspector Classic no longer available to new accounts and accounts that have not completed an assessment in the last 6 months. For all other accounts, access will remain valid until May 20, 2026, after which you will no longer be able to access the Amazon Inspector Classic console or Amazon Inspector Classic resources. For more information, see [Amazon Inspector Classic end of support](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/inspector/v1/userguide/inspector-migration.html). # Security in Amazon Inspector Classic Security Cloud security at AWS is the highest priority. As an AWS customer, you benefit from data centers and network architectures that are built to meet the requirements of the most security-sensitive organizations. Security is a shared responsibility between AWS and you. The [shared responsibility model](https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/shared-responsibility-model/) describes this as security *of* the cloud and security *in* the cloud: + **Security of the cloud** – AWS is responsible for protecting the infrastructure that runs AWS services in the AWS Cloud. AWS also provides you with services that you can use securely. Third-party auditors regularly test and verify the effectiveness of our security as part of the [AWS Compliance Programs](https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/programs/). To learn about the compliance programs that apply to Amazon Inspector Classic, see [AWS Services in Scope by Compliance Program](https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/services-in-scope/). + **Security in the cloud** – Your responsibility is determined by the AWS service that you use. You are also responsible for other factors including the sensitivity of your data, your company’s requirements, and applicable laws and regulations. This documentation helps you understand how to apply the shared responsibility model when using Amazon Inspector Classic. The following topics show you how to configure Amazon Inspector Classic to meet your security and compliance objectives. You also learn how to use other AWS services that help you to monitor and secure your Amazon Inspector Classic resources. **Topics** + [ # Data protection in Amazon Inspector Classic ](data-protection.md) + [ # Identity and Access Management for Amazon Inspector Classic ](security-iam.md) + [ # Logging and monitoring in Amazon Inspector Classic ](security-logging-and-monitoring.md) + [ # Incident response in Amazon Inspector Classic ](security-incident-response.md) + [ # Compliance validation for Amazon Inspector Classic ](inspector-compliance.md) + [ # Resilience in Amazon Inspector Classic ](disaster-recovery-resiliency.md) + [ # Infrastructure security in Amazon Inspector Classic ](infrastructure-security.md) + [ # Configuration and vulnerability analysis in Amazon Inspector Classic ](security-vulnerability-analysis-management.md) + [ # Security best practices for Amazon Inspector Classic ](security-best-practices.md) # Data protection in Amazon Inspector Classic Data protection The AWS [shared responsibility model](https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/shared-responsibility-model/) applies to data protection in Amazon Inspector Classic. As described in this model, AWS is responsible for protecting the global infrastructure that runs all of the AWS Cloud. You are responsible for maintaining control over your content that is hosted on this infrastructure. You are also responsible for the security configuration and management tasks for the AWS services that you use. For more information about data privacy, see the [Data Privacy FAQ](https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/data-privacy-faq/). For information about data protection in Europe, see the [AWS Shared Responsibility Model and GDPR](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/the-aws-shared-responsibility-model-and-gdpr/) blog post on the *AWS Security Blog*. For data protection purposes, we recommend that you protect AWS account credentials and set up individual users with AWS IAM Identity Center or AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM). That way, each user is given only the permissions necessary to fulfill their job duties. We also recommend that you secure your data in the following ways: + Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) with each account. + Use SSL/TLS to communicate with AWS resources. We require TLS 1.2 and recommend TLS 1.3. + Set up API and user activity logging with AWS CloudTrail. For information about using CloudTrail trails to capture AWS activities, see [Working with CloudTrail trails](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/cloudtrail-trails.html) in the *AWS CloudTrail User Guide*. + Use AWS encryption solutions, along with all default security controls within AWS services. + Use advanced managed security services such as Amazon Macie, which assists in discovering and securing sensitive data that is stored in Amazon S3. + If you require FIPS 140-3 validated cryptographic modules when accessing AWS through a command line interface or an API, use a FIPS endpoint. For more information about the available FIPS endpoints, see [Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 140-3](https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/fips/). We strongly recommend that you never put confidential or sensitive information, such as your customers' email addresses, into tags or free-form text fields such as a **Name** field. This includes when you work with Amazon Inspector Classic or other AWS services using the console, API, AWS CLI, or AWS SDKs. Any data that you enter into tags or free-form text fields used for names may be used for billing or diagnostic logs. If you provide a URL to an external server, we strongly recommend that you do not include credentials information in the URL to validate your request to that server. **Topics** + [ # Encryption of data at rest ](encryption-at-rest.md) + [ # Encryption of data in transit ](encryption-in-transit.md) # Encryption of data at rest Encryption at rest The telemetry data that an Amazon Inspector Classic agent generates during assessment runs is formatted in JSON files. These files are delivered in near-real-time over TLS to Amazon Inspector Classic, where they are encrypted with a per-assessment-run, ephemeral AWS KMS-derived key. The files are securely stored in S3 buckets that are dedicated to Amazon Inspector Classic. The rules engine of Amazon Inspector Classic does the following: + Accesses the encrypted telemetry data in the S3 bucket + Decrypts it in memory + Processes the data against the configured assessment rules to generate findings # Encryption of data in transit Encryption in transit As a managed service, Amazon Inspector Classic is protected by AWS global network security. For information about AWS security services and how AWS protects infrastructure, see [AWS Cloud Security](https://aws.amazon.com/security/). To design your AWS environment using the best practices for infrastructure security, see [Infrastructure Protection](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/wellarchitected/latest/security-pillar/infrastructure-protection.html) in *Security Pillar AWS Well‐Architected Framework*. You use AWS published API calls to access Amazon Inspector Classic through the network. Clients must support the following: + Transport Layer Security (TLS). We require TLS 1.2 and recommend TLS 1.3. + Cipher suites with perfect forward secrecy (PFS) such as DHE (Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman) or ECDHE (Elliptic Curve Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman). Most modern systems such as Java 7 and later support these modes. # Identity and Access Management for Amazon Inspector Classic Identity and Access Management AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) is an AWS service that helps an administrator securely control access to AWS resources. IAM administrators control who can be *authenticated* (signed in) and *authorized* (have permissions) to use Amazon Inspector resources. IAM is an AWS service that you can use with no additional charge. **Topics** + [ ## Audience ](#security_iam_audience) + [ ## Authenticating with identities ](#security_iam_authentication) + [ ## Managing access using policies ](#security_iam_access-manage) + [ # How Amazon Inspector Classic works with IAM ](security_iam_service-with-iam.md) + [ ## Example 2: Allow a user to perform describe and list operations only on Amazon Inspector findings ](#IAMPolicyExamples_Inspector_perform_create_action) + [ ## Policy resources for Amazon Inspector ](#security_iam_service-with-iam-id-based-policies-resources) + [ ## Policy condition keys for Amazon Inspector ](#security_iam_service-with-iam-id-based-policies-conditionkeys) + [ ## ACLs in Amazon Inspector ](#security_iam_service-with-iam-acls) + [ ## ABAC with Amazon Inspector ](#security_iam_service-with-iam-tags) + [ ## Using temporary credentials with Amazon Inspector ](#security_iam_service-with-iam-roles-tempcreds) + [ ## Cross-service principal permissions for Amazon Inspector ](#security_iam_service-with-iam-principal-permissions) + [ ## Service roles for Amazon Inspector ](#security_iam_service-with-iam-roles-service) + [ ## Service-linked roles for Amazon Inspector ](#security_iam_service-with-iam-roles-service-linked) + [ # Identity-based policy examples for Amazon Inspector Classic ](security_iam_id-based-policy-examples.md) + [ # Using service-linked roles for Amazon Inspector Classic ](inspector_slr.md) + [ # Troubleshooting Amazon Inspector Classic identity and access ](security_iam_troubleshoot.md) ## Audience How you use AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) differs based on your role: + **Service user** - request permissions from your administrator if you cannot access features (see [Troubleshooting Amazon Inspector Classic identity and access](security_iam_troubleshoot.md)) + **Service administrator** - determine user access and submit permission requests (see [How Amazon Inspector Classic works with IAM](security_iam_service-with-iam.md)) + **IAM administrator** - write policies to manage access (see [Identity-based policy examples for Amazon Inspector Classic](security_iam_id-based-policy-examples.md)) ## Authenticating with identities Authentication is how you sign in to AWS using your identity credentials. You must be authenticated as the AWS account root user, an IAM user, or by assuming an IAM role. You can sign in as a federated identity using credentials from an identity source like AWS IAM Identity Center (IAM Identity Center), single sign-on authentication, or Google/Facebook credentials. For more information about signing in, see [How to sign in to your AWS account](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/signin/latest/userguide/how-to-sign-in.html) in the *AWS Sign-In User Guide*. For programmatic access, AWS provides an SDK and CLI to cryptographically sign requests. For more information, see [AWS Signature Version 4 for API requests](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_sigv.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ### AWS account root user When you create an AWS account, you begin with one sign-in identity called the AWS account *root user* that has complete access to all AWS services and resources. We strongly recommend that you don't use the root user for everyday tasks. For tasks that require root user credentials, see [Tasks that require root user credentials](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_root-user.html#root-user-tasks) in the *IAM User Guide*. ### Federated identity As a best practice, require human users to use federation with an identity provider to access AWS services using temporary credentials. A *federated identity* is a user from your enterprise directory, web identity provider, or Directory Service that accesses AWS services using credentials from an identity source. Federated identities assume roles that provide temporary credentials. For centralized access management, we recommend AWS IAM Identity Center. For more information, see [What is IAM Identity Center?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/singlesignon/latest/userguide/what-is.html) in the *AWS IAM Identity Center User Guide*. ### IAM users and groups An *[IAM user](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_users.html)* is an identity with specific permissions for a single person or application. We recommend using temporary credentials instead of IAM users with long-term credentials. For more information, see [Require human users to use federation with an identity provider to access AWS using temporary credentials](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/best-practices.html#bp-users-federation-idp) in the *IAM User Guide*. An [https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_groups.html](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_groups.html) specifies a collection of IAM users and makes permissions easier to manage for large sets of users. For more information, see [Use cases for IAM users](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/gs-identities-iam-users.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ### IAM roles An *[IAM role](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles.html)* is an identity with specific permissions that provides temporary credentials. You can assume a role by [switching from a user to an IAM role (console)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles_use_switch-role-console.html) or by calling an AWS CLI or AWS API operation. For more information, see [Methods to assume a role](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles_manage-assume.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. IAM roles are useful for federated user access, temporary IAM user permissions, cross-account access, cross-service access, and applications running on Amazon EC2. For more information, see [Cross account resource access in IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies-cross-account-resource-access.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## Managing access using policies You control access in AWS by creating policies and attaching them to AWS identities or resources. A policy defines permissions when associated with an identity or resource. AWS evaluates these policies when a principal makes a request. Most policies are stored in AWS as JSON documents. For more information about JSON policy documents, see [Overview of JSON policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies.html#access_policies-json) in the *IAM User Guide*. Using policies, administrators specify who has access to what by defining which **principal** can perform **actions** on what **resources**, and under what **conditions**. By default, users and roles have no permissions. An IAM administrator creates IAM policies and adds them to roles, which users can then assume. IAM policies define permissions regardless of the method used to perform the operation. ### Identity-based policies Identity-based policies are JSON permissions policy documents that you attach to an identity (user, group, or role). These policies control what actions identities can perform, on which resources, and under what conditions. To learn how to create an identity-based policy, see [Define custom IAM permissions with customer managed policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_create.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. Identity-based policies can be *inline policies* (embedded directly into a single identity) or *managed policies* (standalone policies attached to multiple identities). To learn how to choose between managed and inline policies, see [Choose between managed policies and inline policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies-choosing-managed-or-inline.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ### Resource-based policies Resource-based policies are JSON policy documents that you attach to a resource. Examples include IAM *role trust policies* and Amazon S3 *bucket policies*. In services that support resource-based policies, service administrators can use them to control access to a specific resource. You must [specify a principal](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_elements_principal.html) in a resource-based policy. Resource-based policies are inline policies that are located in that service. You can't use AWS managed policies from IAM in a resource-based policy. ### Other policy types AWS supports additional policy types that can set the maximum permissions granted by more common policy types: + **Permissions boundaries** – Set the maximum permissions that an identity-based policy can grant to an IAM entity. For more information, see [Permissions boundaries for IAM entities](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_boundaries.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. + **Service control policies (SCPs)** – Specify the maximum permissions for an organization or organizational unit in AWS Organizations. For more information, see [Service control policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/organizations/latest/userguide/orgs_manage_policies_scps.html) in the *AWS Organizations User Guide*. + **Resource control policies (RCPs)** – Set the maximum available permissions for resources in your accounts. For more information, see [Resource control policies (RCPs)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/organizations/latest/userguide/orgs_manage_policies_rcps.html) in the *AWS Organizations User Guide*. + **Session policies** – Advanced policies passed as a parameter when creating a temporary session for a role or federated user. For more information, see [Session policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies.html#policies_session) in the *IAM User Guide*. ### Multiple policy types When multiple types of policies apply to a request, the resulting permissions are more complicated to understand. To learn how AWS determines whether to allow a request when multiple policy types are involved, see [Policy evaluation logic](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_evaluation-logic.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. # How Amazon Inspector Classic works with IAM Before you use IAM to manage access to Amazon Inspector, learn what IAM features are available to use with Amazon Inspector. **IAM features you can use with Amazon Inspector Classic** | IAM feature | Amazon Inspector support | | --- | --- | | [Identity-based policies](#security_iam_service-with-iam-id-based-policies) | Yes | | [Resource-based policies](#security_iam_service-with-iam-resource-based-policies) | No | | [Policy actions](#security_iam_service-with-iam-id-based-policies-actions) | Yes | | [Policy resources](security-iam.md#security_iam_service-with-iam-id-based-policies-resources) | Yes | | [Policy condition keys (service-specific)](security-iam.md#security_iam_service-with-iam-id-based-policies-conditionkeys) | Yes | | [ACLs](security-iam.md#security_iam_service-with-iam-acls) | No | | [ABAC (tags in policies)](security-iam.md#security_iam_service-with-iam-tags) | Partial | | [Temporary credentials](security-iam.md#security_iam_service-with-iam-roles-tempcreds) | Yes | | [Principal permissions](security-iam.md#security_iam_service-with-iam-principal-permissions) | Yes | | [Service roles](security-iam.md#security_iam_service-with-iam-roles-service) | No | | [Service-linked roles](security-iam.md#security_iam_service-with-iam-roles-service-linked) | Yes | To get a high-level view of how Amazon Inspector and other AWS services work with most IAM features, see [AWS services that work with IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_aws-services-that-work-with-iam.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## Identity-based policies for Amazon Inspector Identity-based policies **Supports identity-based policies:** Yes Identity-based policies are JSON permissions policy documents that you can attach to an identity, such as an IAM user, group of users, or role. These policies control what actions users and roles can perform, on which resources, and under what conditions. To learn how to create an identity-based policy, see [Define custom IAM permissions with customer managed policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_create.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. With IAM identity-based policies, you can specify allowed or denied actions and resources as well as the conditions under which actions are allowed or denied. To learn about all of the elements that you can use in a JSON policy, see [IAM JSON policy elements reference](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_elements.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ### Identity-based policy examples for Amazon Inspector To view examples of Amazon Inspector identity-based policies, see [Identity-based policy examples for Amazon Inspector Classic](security_iam_id-based-policy-examples.md). ## Resource-based policies within Amazon Inspector Resource-based policies **Supports resource-based policies:** No Resource-based policies are JSON policy documents that you attach to a resource. Examples of resource-based policies are IAM *role trust policies* and Amazon S3 *bucket policies*. In services that support resource-based policies, service administrators can use them to control access to a specific resource. For the resource where the policy is attached, the policy defines what actions a specified principal can perform on that resource and under what conditions. You must [specify a principal](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_elements_principal.html) in a resource-based policy. Principals can include accounts, users, roles, federated users, or AWS services. To enable cross-account access, you can specify an entire account or IAM entities in another account as the principal in a resource-based policy. For more information, see [Cross account resource access in IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies-cross-account-resource-access.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## Policy actions for Amazon Inspector Policy actions **Supports policy actions:** Yes Administrators can use AWS JSON policies to specify who has access to what. That is, which **principal** can perform **actions** on what **resources**, and under what **conditions**. The `Action` element of a JSON policy describes the actions that you can use to allow or deny access in a policy. Include actions in a policy to grant permissions to perform the associated operation. To see a list of Amazon Inspector actions, see [Actions defined by Amazon Inspector Classic](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_amazoninspector.html#amazoninspector-actions-as-permissions) in the *Service Authorization Reference*. Policy actions in Amazon Inspector use the following prefix before the action: ``` inspector ``` To specify multiple actions in a single statement, separate them with commas. ``` "Action": [ "inspector:action1", "inspector:action2" ] ``` The following permissions policy grants a user permission to run all the operations that begin with `Describe` and `List`. These operations show information about an Amazon Inspector resource, such as an assessment target or finding. The wildcard character (\$1) in the `Resource` element indicates that the operations are allowed for all Amazon Inspector resources that are owned by the account: ------ #### [ JSON ] **** ``` { "Version":"2012-10-17", "Statement":[ { "Effect":"Allow", "Action": [ "inspector:Describe*", "inspector:List*" ], "Resource":"*" } ] } ``` ------ ## Example 2: Allow a user to perform describe and list operations only on Amazon Inspector findings The following permissions policy grants a user permission to run only `ListFindings` and `DescribeFindings` operations. These operations show information about Amazon Inspector findings. The wildcard character (\$1) in the `Resource` element indicates that the operations are allowed for all Amazon Inspector resources that are owned by the account. ------ #### [ JSON ] **** ``` { "Version":"2012-10-17", "Statement":[ { "Effect":"Allow", "Action": [ "inspector:DescribeFindings", "inspector:ListFindings" ], "Resource":"*" } ] } ``` ------ To view examples of Amazon Inspector identity-based policies, see [Identity-based policy examples for Amazon Inspector Classic](security_iam_id-based-policy-examples.md). ## Policy resources for Amazon Inspector Policy resources **Supports policy resources:** Yes Administrators can use AWS JSON policies to specify who has access to what. That is, which **principal** can perform **actions** on what **resources**, and under what **conditions**. The `Resource` JSON policy element specifies the object or objects to which the action applies. As a best practice, specify a resource using its [Amazon Resource Name (ARN)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference-arns.html). For actions that don't support resource-level permissions, use a wildcard (\$1) to indicate that the statement applies to all resources. ``` "Resource": "*" ``` To see a list of Amazon Inspector resource types and their ARNs, see [Resources defined by Amazon Inspector Classic](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_amazoninspector.html#amazoninspector-resources-for-iam-policies) in the *Service Authorization Reference*. To learn with which actions you can specify the ARN of each resource, see [Actions defined by Amazon Inspector Classic](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_amazoninspector.html#amazoninspector-actions-as-permissions). To view examples of Amazon Inspector identity-based policies, see [Identity-based policy examples for Amazon Inspector Classic](security_iam_id-based-policy-examples.md). ## Policy condition keys for Amazon Inspector Policy condition keys **Supports service-specific policy condition keys:** Yes Administrators can use AWS JSON policies to specify who has access to what. That is, which **principal** can perform **actions** on what **resources**, and under what **conditions**. The `Condition` element specifies when statements execute based on defined criteria. You can create conditional expressions that use [condition operators](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_elements_condition_operators.html), such as equals or less than, to match the condition in the policy with values in the request. To see all AWS global condition keys, see [AWS global condition context keys](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_condition-keys.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. To see a list of Amazon Inspector condition keys, see [Condition keys for Amazon Inspector Classic](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_amazoninspector.html#amazoninspector-policy-keys) in the *Service Authorization Reference*. To learn with which actions and resources you can use a condition key, see [Actions defined by Amazon Inspector Classic](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_amazoninspector.html#amazoninspector-actions-as-permissions). To view examples of Amazon Inspector identity-based policies, see [Identity-based policy examples for Amazon Inspector Classic](security_iam_id-based-policy-examples.md). ## ACLs in Amazon Inspector ACLs **Supports ACLs:** No Access control lists (ACLs) control which principals (account members, users, or roles) have permissions to access a resource. ACLs are similar to resource-based policies, although they do not use the JSON policy document format. ## ABAC with Amazon Inspector ABAC **Supports ABAC (tags in policies):** Partial Attribute-based access control (ABAC) is an authorization strategy that defines permissions based on attributes called tags. You can attach tags to IAM entities and AWS resources, then design ABAC policies to allow operations when the principal's tag matches the tag on the resource. To control access based on tags, you provide tag information in the [condition element](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_elements_condition.html) of a policy using the `aws:ResourceTag/key-name`, `aws:RequestTag/key-name`, or `aws:TagKeys` condition keys. If a service supports all three condition keys for every resource type, then the value is **Yes** for the service. If a service supports all three condition keys for only some resource types, then the value is **Partial**. For more information about ABAC, see [Define permissions with ABAC authorization](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/introduction_attribute-based-access-control.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. To view a tutorial with steps for setting up ABAC, see [Use attribute-based access control (ABAC)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/tutorial_attribute-based-access-control.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## Using temporary credentials with Amazon Inspector Temporary credentials **Supports temporary credentials:** Yes Temporary credentials provide short-term access to AWS resources and are automatically created when you use federation or switch roles. AWS recommends that you dynamically generate temporary credentials instead of using long-term access keys. For more information, see [Temporary security credentials in IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_credentials_temp.html) and [AWS services that work with IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_aws-services-that-work-with-iam.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## Cross-service principal permissions for Amazon Inspector Principal permissions **Supports forward access sessions (FAS):** Yes Forward access sessions (FAS) use the permissions of the principal calling an AWS service, combined with the requesting AWS service to make requests to downstream services. For policy details when making FAS requests, see [Forward access sessions](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_forward_access_sessions.html). ## Service roles for Amazon Inspector Service roles **Supports service roles:** No A service role is an [IAM role](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles.html) that a service assumes to perform actions on your behalf. An IAM administrator can create, modify, and delete a service role from within IAM. For more information, see [Create a role to delegate permissions to an AWS service](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles_create_for-service.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. **Warning** Changing the permissions for a service role might break Amazon Inspector functionality. Edit service roles only when Amazon Inspector provides guidance to do so. ## Service-linked roles for Amazon Inspector Service-linked roles **Supports service-linked roles:** Yes A service-linked role is a type of service role that is linked to an AWS service. The service can assume the role to perform an action on your behalf. Service-linked roles appear in your AWS account and are owned by the service. An IAM administrator can view, but not edit the permissions for service-linked roles. For details about creating or managing Amazon Inspector service-linked roles, see [Using service-linked roles for Amazon Inspector Classic](inspector_slr.md). # Identity-based policy examples for Amazon Inspector Classic Identity-based policy examples By default, users and roles don't have permission to create or modify Amazon Inspector resources. To grant users permission to perform actions on the resources that they need, an IAM administrator can create IAM policies. To learn how to create an IAM identity-based policy by using these example JSON policy documents, see [Create IAM policies (console)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_create-console.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. For details about actions and resource types defined by Amazon Inspector, including the format of the ARNs for each of the resource types, see [Actions, resources, and condition keys for Amazon Inspector Classic](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_amazoninspector.html) in the *Service Authorization Reference*. **Topics** + [ ## Policy best practices ](#security_iam_service-with-iam-policy-best-practices) + [ ## Using the Amazon Inspector console ](#security_iam_id-based-policy-examples-console) + [ ## Allow users to view their own permissions ](#security_iam_id-based-policy-examples-view-own-permissions) + [ ## Allow a user to perform describe and list operations only on Amazon Inspector findings ](#security_iam_id-based-policy-examples-access-one-bucket) ## Policy best practices Identity-based policies determine whether someone can create, access, or delete Amazon Inspector resources in your account. These actions can incur costs for your AWS account. When you create or edit identity-based policies, follow these guidelines and recommendations: + **Get started with AWS managed policies and move toward least-privilege permissions** – To get started granting permissions to your users and workloads, use the *AWS managed policies* that grant permissions for many common use cases. They are available in your AWS account. We recommend that you reduce permissions further by defining AWS customer managed policies that are specific to your use cases. For more information, see [AWS managed policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_managed-vs-inline.html#aws-managed-policies) or [AWS managed policies for job functions](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_job-functions.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. + **Apply least-privilege permissions** – When you set permissions with IAM policies, grant only the permissions required to perform a task. You do this by defining the actions that can be taken on specific resources under specific conditions, also known as *least-privilege permissions*. For more information about using IAM to apply permissions, see [ Policies and permissions in IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. + **Use conditions in IAM policies to further restrict access** – You can add a condition to your policies to limit access to actions and resources. For example, you can write a policy condition to specify that all requests must be sent using SSL. You can also use conditions to grant access to service actions if they are used through a specific AWS service, such as CloudFormation. For more information, see [ IAM JSON policy elements: Condition](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_elements_condition.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. + **Use IAM Access Analyzer to validate your IAM policies to ensure secure and functional permissions** – IAM Access Analyzer validates new and existing policies so that the policies adhere to the IAM policy language (JSON) and IAM best practices. IAM Access Analyzer provides more than 100 policy checks and actionable recommendations to help you author secure and functional policies. For more information, see [Validate policies with IAM Access Analyzer](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access-analyzer-policy-validation.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. + **Require multi-factor authentication (MFA)** – If you have a scenario that requires IAM users or a root user in your AWS account, turn on MFA for additional security. To require MFA when API operations are called, add MFA conditions to your policies. For more information, see [ Secure API access with MFA](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_credentials_mfa_configure-api-require.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. For more information about best practices in IAM, see [Security best practices in IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/best-practices.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## Using the Amazon Inspector console Using the console To access the Amazon Inspector Classic console, you must have a minimum set of permissions. These permissions must allow you to list and view details about the Amazon Inspector resources in your AWS account. If you create an identity-based policy that is more restrictive than the minimum required permissions, the console won't function as intended for entities (users or roles) with that policy. You don't need to allow minimum console permissions for users that are making calls only to the AWS CLI or the AWS API. Instead, allow access to only the actions that match the API operation that they're trying to perform. To ensure that users and roles can still use the Amazon Inspector console, also attach the Amazon Inspector `ConsoleAccess` or `ReadOnly` AWS managed policy to the entities. For more information, see [Adding permissions to a user](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_users_change-permissions.html#users_change_permissions-add-console) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## Allow users to view their own permissions This example shows how you might create a policy that allows IAM users to view the inline and managed policies that are attached to their user identity. This policy includes permissions to complete this action on the console or programmatically using the AWS CLI or AWS API. ``` { "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Sid": "ViewOwnUserInfo", "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "iam:GetUserPolicy", "iam:ListGroupsForUser", "iam:ListAttachedUserPolicies", "iam:ListUserPolicies", "iam:GetUser" ], "Resource": ["arn:aws:iam::*:user/${aws:username}"] }, { "Sid": "NavigateInConsole", "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "iam:GetGroupPolicy", "iam:GetPolicyVersion", "iam:GetPolicy", "iam:ListAttachedGroupPolicies", "iam:ListGroupPolicies", "iam:ListPolicyVersions", "iam:ListPolicies", "iam:ListUsers" ], "Resource": "*" } ] } ``` ## Allow a user to perform describe and list operations only on Amazon Inspector findings The following permissions policy grants a user permission to run only `ListFindings` and `DescribeFindings` operations. These operations show information about Amazon Inspector findings. The wildcard character (\$1) in the `Resource` element indicates that the operations are allowed for all Amazon Inspector resources that are owned by the account. ------ #### [ JSON ] **** ``` { "Version":"2012-10-17", "Statement":[ { "Effect":"Allow", "Action": [ "inspector:DescribeFindings", "inspector:ListFindings" ], "Resource":"*" } ] } ``` ------ # Using service-linked roles for Amazon Inspector Classic Using service-linked roles Amazon Inspector Classic uses AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)[ service-linked roles](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles_terms-and-concepts.html#iam-term-service-linked-role). A service-linked role is a unique type of IAM role that is linked directly to Amazon Inspector Classic. Service-linked roles are predefined by Amazon Inspector Classic and include all the permissions that the service requires to call other AWS services on your behalf. A service-linked role makes setting up Amazon Inspector Classic easier because you don’t have to manually add the necessary permissions. Amazon Inspector Classic defines the permissions of its service-linked roles, and unless defined otherwise, only Amazon Inspector Classic can assume its roles. The defined permissions include the trust policy and the permissions policy, and that permissions policy cannot be attached to any other IAM entity. You can delete a service-linked role only after first deleting its related resources. This protects your Amazon Inspector Classic resources because you can't inadvertently remove permission to access the resources. For information about other services that support service-linked roles, see [AWS Services That Work with IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_aws-services-that-work-with-iam.html) and look for the services that have **Yes **in the **Service-linked roles** column. Choose a **Yes** with a link to view the service-linked role documentation for that service. ## Service-linked role permissions for Amazon Inspector Classic Amazon Inspector Classic uses the service-linked role named **AWSServiceRoleForAmazonInspector** – ServiceLinkedRoleDescription. The AWSServiceRoleForAmazonInspector service-linked role trusts the following services to assume the role: + `inspector.amazonaws.com` The role permissions policy named AmazonInspectorServiceRolePolicy allows Amazon Inspector Classic to complete the following actions on the specified resources: + Action: `iam:CreateServiceLinkedRole` on `arn:aws:iam::*:role/aws-service-role/inspector.amazonaws.com/AWSServiceRoleForAmazonInspector` You must configure permissions to allow an IAM entity (such as an IAM user, group, or role) to create, edit, or delete a service-linked role. For more information, see [Service-linked role permissions](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/using-service-linked-roles.html#service-linked-role-permissions) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## Creating a service-linked role for Amazon Inspector Classic You don't need to manually create a service-linked role. When you CompleteThisCreateActionInThisService in the AWS Management Console, the AWS CLI, or the AWS API, Amazon Inspector Classic creates the service-linked role for you. ## Editing a service-linked role for Amazon Inspector Classic Amazon Inspector Classic does not allow you to edit the AWSServiceRoleForAmazonInspector service-linked role. After you create a service-linked role, you cannot change the name of the role because various entities might reference the role. However, you can edit the description of the role using IAM. For more information, see [Editing a service-linked role](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/using-service-linked-roles.html#edit-service-linked-role) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## Deleting a service-linked role for Amazon Inspector Classic If you no longer need to use a feature or service that requires a service-linked role, we recommend that you delete that role. That way, you don’t have an unused entity that's not actively monitored or maintained. However, you must clean up the resources for your service-linked role before you can manually delete it. **Note** If the Amazon Inspector Classic service is using the role when you try to delete the resources, then the deletion might fail. If that happens, wait for a few minutes and try the operation again. **To delete Amazon Inspector Classic resources used by `AWSServiceRoleForAmazonInspector`** + Delete your assessment targets for this AWS account in all the AWS Regions where you have Amazon Inspector Classic running. For more information, see [Amazon Inspector Classic assessment targets](inspector_applications.md). **To manually delete the service-linked role using IAM** Use the IAM console, the AWS CLI, or the AWS API to delete the AWSServiceRoleForAmazonInspector service-linked role. For more information, see [Deleting a service-linked role](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/using-service-linked-roles.html#delete-service-linked-role) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## Supported Regions for Amazon Inspector Classic service-linked roles Amazon Inspector Classic supports using service-linked roles in all of the Regions where the service is available. For more information, see [AWS regions and endpoints](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/rande.html). # Troubleshooting Amazon Inspector Classic identity and access Troubleshooting Use the following information to help you diagnose and fix common issues that you might encounter when working with Amazon Inspector and IAM. **Topics** + [ ## I am not authorized to perform an action in Amazon Inspector ](#security_iam_troubleshoot-no-permissions) + [ ## I am not authorized to perform iam:PassRole ](#security_iam_troubleshoot-passrole) + [ ## I want to allow people outside of my AWS account to access my Amazon Inspector resources ](#security_iam_troubleshoot-cross-account-access) ## I am not authorized to perform an action in Amazon Inspector If you receive an error that you're not authorized to perform an action, your policies must be updated to allow you to perform the action. The following example error occurs when the `mateojackson` IAM user tries to use the console to view details about a fictional `my-example-widget` resource but doesn't have the fictional `inspector:GetWidget` permissions. ``` User: arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/mateojackson is not authorized to perform: inspector:GetWidget on resource: my-example-widget ``` In this case, the policy for the `mateojackson` user must be updated to allow access to the `my-example-widget` resource by using the `inspector:GetWidget` action. If you need help, contact your AWS administrator. Your administrator is the person who provided you with your sign-in credentials. ## I am not authorized to perform iam:PassRole If you receive an error that you're not authorized to perform the `iam:PassRole` action, your policies must be updated to allow you to pass a role to Amazon Inspector. Some AWS services allow you to pass an existing role to that service instead of creating a new service role or service-linked role. To do this, you must have permissions to pass the role to the service. The following example error occurs when an IAM user named `marymajor` tries to use the console to perform an action in Amazon Inspector. However, the action requires the service to have permissions that are granted by a service role. Mary does not have permissions to pass the role to the service. ``` User: arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/marymajor is not authorized to perform: iam:PassRole ``` In this case, Mary's policies must be updated to allow her to perform the `iam:PassRole` action. If you need help, contact your AWS administrator. Your administrator is the person who provided you with your sign-in credentials. ## I want to allow people outside of my AWS account to access my Amazon Inspector resources You can create a role that users in other accounts or people outside of your organization can use to access your resources. You can specify who is trusted to assume the role. For services that support resource-based policies or access control lists (ACLs), you can use those policies to grant people access to your resources. To learn more, consult the following: + To learn whether Amazon Inspector supports these features, see [How Amazon Inspector Classic works with IAM](security_iam_service-with-iam.md). + To learn how to provide access to your resources across AWS accounts that you own, see [Providing access to an IAM user in another AWS account that you own](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles_common-scenarios_aws-accounts.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. + To learn how to provide access to your resources to third-party AWS accounts, see [Providing access to AWS accounts owned by third parties](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles_common-scenarios_third-party.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. + To learn how to provide access through identity federation, see [Providing access to externally authenticated users (identity federation)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles_common-scenarios_federated-users.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. + To learn the difference between using roles and resource-based policies for cross-account access, see [Cross account resource access in IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies-cross-account-resource-access.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. # Logging and monitoring in Amazon Inspector Classic Logging and monitoring Amazon Inspector Classic is integrated with AWS CloudTrail, a service that provides a record of actions taken by a user, role, or an AWS service in Amazon Inspector Classic. CloudTrail captures all API calls for Amazon Inspector Classic as events, including calls from the Amazon Inspector Classic console and code calls to the Amazon Inspector Classic API operations. For information on using CloudTrail logging in Amazon Inspector Classic, see [Logging Amazon Inspector Classic API calls with AWS CloudTrail](logging-using-cloudtrail.md). You can monitor Amazon Inspector Classic using Amazon CloudWatch, which collects and processes raw data into readable, near-real time metrics. By default, Amazon Inspector Classic sends metric data to CloudWatch in 5-minute periods. For information on using CloudWatch with Amazon Inspector Classic, see [Monitoring Amazon Inspector Classic using Amazon CloudWatch](using-cloudwatch.md). # Incident response in Amazon Inspector Classic Incident response Incident response for Amazon Inspector Classic is an AWS responsibility. AWS has a formal, documented policy and program that governs incident response. AWS operational issues with broad impact are posted on the [AWS Service Health Dashboard.](https://status.aws.amazon.com/) Operational issues are also posted to individual accounts via the AWS Health Dashboard. For information on how to use the Health Dashboard, see the [AWS Health User Guide](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/health/latest/ug/what-is-aws-health.html). # Compliance validation for Amazon Inspector Classic Compliance validation Third-party auditors assess the security and compliance of Amazon Inspector Classic as part of multiple AWS compliance programs. These include SOC, PCI, FedRAMP, HIPAA, and others. For a list of AWS services in scope of specific compliance programs, see [AWS Services in Scope by Compliance Program](https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/services-in-scope/). For general information, see [AWS Compliance Programs](https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/programs/). You can download third-party audit reports using AWS Artifact. For more information, see [Downloading Reports in AWS Artifact](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/artifact/latest/ug/downloading-documents.html). Your compliance responsibility when using Amazon Inspector Classic is determined by the sensitivity of your data, your company's compliance objectives, and applicable laws and regulations. AWS provides the following resources to help with compliance: + [Security and Compliance Quick Start Guides](https://aws.amazon.com/quickstart/?awsf.quickstart-homepage-filter=categories%23security-identity-compliance) – These deployment guides discuss architectural considerations and provide steps for deploying security- and compliance-focused baseline environments on AWS. + [Architecting for HIPAA Security and Compliance on Amazon Web Services](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/latest/architecting-hipaa-security-and-compliance-on-aws/architecting-hipaa-security-and-compliance-on-aws.html) – This whitepaper describes how companies can use AWS to create HIPAA-compliant applications. + [AWS Compliance Resources](https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/resources/) – This collection of workbooks and guides might apply to your industry and location. + [Evaluating Resources with Rules](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/config/latest/developerguide/evaluate-config.html) in the *AWS Config Developer Guide* – The AWS Config service assesses how well your resource configurations comply with internal practices, industry guidelines, and regulations. + [AWS Security Hub CSPM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/securityhub/latest/userguide/what-is-securityhub.html) – This AWS service provides a comprehensive view of your security state within AWS that helps you check your compliance with security industry standards and best practices. # Resilience in Amazon Inspector Classic Resilience The AWS global infrastructure is built around AWS Regions and Availability Zones. AWS Regions provide multiple physically separated and isolated Availability Zones, which are connected with low-latency, high-throughput, and highly redundant networking. With Availability Zones, you can design and operate applications and databases that automatically fail over between zones without interruption. Availability Zones are more highly available, fault tolerant, and scalable than traditional single or multiple data center infrastructures. For more information about AWS Regions and Availability Zones, see [AWS Global Infrastructure](https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/global-infrastructure/). Amazon Inspector Classic is highly available and executes queries using compute resources across multiple Availability Zones. It automatically routes queries appropriately if a particular Availability Zone is unreachable. Amazon Inspector Classic uses Amazon S3 as its underlying data store, which makes your data highly available and durable. Amazon S3 provides durable infrastructure to store important data. It is designed for durability of 99.999999999% of objects. Your data is redundantly stored across multiple facilities and multiple devices in each facility. # Infrastructure security in Amazon Inspector Classic Infrastructure security As a managed service, Amazon Inspector Classic is protected by AWS global network security. For information about AWS security services and how AWS protects infrastructure, see [AWS Cloud Security](https://aws.amazon.com/security/). To design your AWS environment using the best practices for infrastructure security, see [Infrastructure Protection](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/wellarchitected/latest/security-pillar/infrastructure-protection.html) in *Security Pillar AWS Well‐Architected Framework*. You use AWS published API calls to access Amazon Inspector Classic through the network. Clients must support the following: + Transport Layer Security (TLS). We require TLS 1.2 and recommend TLS 1.3. + Cipher suites with perfect forward secrecy (PFS) such as DHE (Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman) or ECDHE (Elliptic Curve Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman). Most modern systems such as Java 7 and later support these modes. For more information about Amazon Inspector Classic network and agent security, see [Network and Amazon Inspector Classic agent security](inspector_agents.md#agent-security). # Configuration and vulnerability analysis in Amazon Inspector Classic Configuration and vulnerability analysis Amazon Inspector Classic offers predefined software called an agent that you can optionally install in the operating system of the EC2 instances that you want to assess. The agent collects a wide set of configuration data, known as telemetry. For more information about Amazon Inspector Classic agents, see [Amazon Inspector Classic agents](inspector_agents.md). # Security best practices for Amazon Inspector Classic Security best practices Amazon Inspector Classic provides a number of security features to consider as you develop and implement your own security policies. These best practices are general guidelines and don’t represent a complete security solution. Because these best practices might not be appropriate or sufficient for your environment, treat them as helpful considerations rather than prescriptions. For the list of security best practices for Amazon Inspector Classic, see [Security best practices for Amazon Inspector Classic](inspector_security-best-practices.md).