Amazon Redshift dejará de admitir la creación de nuevas UDF de Python a partir del parche 198. Las UDF de Python existentes seguirán funcionando hasta el 30 de junio de 2026. Para obtener más información, consulte la [publicación del blog](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/big-data/amazon-redshift-python-user-defined-functions-will-reach-end-of-support-after-june-30-2026/). 

# Permisos federados de Amazon Redshift: ejemplos de extremo a extremo
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples"></a>

A continuación, se presenta un ejemplo de extremo a extremo en el que se muestra cómo puede crear y administrar políticas de gobernanza de datos completas mediante permisos federados de Amazon Redshift. Estas políticas incluyen seguridad a nivel de fila (RLS), enmascaramiento dinámico de datos (DDM) y permisos por columna (CLP), que funcionan en conjunto para controlar el acceso a los datos en función de los roles y condiciones de los usuarios.

Debe ser un `superuser` o tener el rol [sys:secadmin](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_roles-default.html) para ejecutar este ejemplo.

## Requisitos previos
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-prereqs"></a>

En los ejemplos, se supone que los roles “IAMR:role\_name” siguientes ya están presentes en la cuenta; de lo contrario, créelos. Además, el almacén de datos de Redshift está registrado con AWS Glue Data Catalog con el nombre “catalog\_name” y tiene una base de datos de “db\_name”.

## En la instancia de catálogo, se asigna el rol sys:secadmin al rol de IAM correspondiente
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-catalog-grant"></a>

```
-- Grant sys:secadmin role to relevant user (must be run on Redshift catalog instance)   
        GRANT ROLE sys:secadmin TO "IAMR:AccountSecurityAdminrole_name";
```

### El resto se ejecutará en el almacén informático de Redshift
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-compute"></a>

Si utiliza usuarios de IAM o IdC, puede omitir los dos pasos siguientes para crear usuarios del almacén local y asignación de identidad global.

#### Paso 1: creación de los usuarios necesarios del almacén local para probar las políticas de gobernanza
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-users"></a>

```
-- Create test users.  
CREATE USER alice WITH PASSWORD 'Alice_pass_1';  
CREATE USER oscar WITH PASSWORD 'Oscar_pass_1';  
CREATE USER sierra WITH PASSWORD 'Sierra_pass_1';
```

#### Paso 2: configuración de la asignación de roles de IAM de identidad global
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-mapping"></a>

```
-- Map local users to IAM roles (executed by superuser).  
        
-- Make user sierra a sys:secadmin by setting the global identity  
-- to `IAMR:AccountSecurityAdmin`.  
-- This role has been granted secadmin privilege on Redshift catalog instance.  

ALTER USER sierra SET GLOBAL IDENTITY  
IAM_ROLE 'arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/AccountSecurityAdmin';  

ALTER USER alice SET GLOBAL IDENTITY  
IAM_ROLE 'arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/Analyst';  

ALTER USER oscar SET GLOBAL IDENTITY  
IAM_ROLE 'arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/Operator';  

-- Verify global identity settings.  
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION sierra;  
SHOW GLOBAL IDENTITY;  

SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION alice;  
SHOW GLOBAL IDENTITY;  

SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION oscar;  
SHOW GLOBAL IDENTITY;  

-- Reset to default session.  
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
```

## Configuración del entorno
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-environment"></a>

En primer lugar, cree tablas y llénelas con ejemplos de datos de clientes y tablas de consulta para las políticas de gobernanza.

```
-- Create the main customer table.  
CREATE TABLE db_name@catalog_name.public.customers (  
    id INTEGER,  
    name VARCHAR(50),  
    email VARCHAR(100),  
    region VARCHAR(20),  
    revenue DECIMAL(10,2)  
);  

-- Populate with sample customer data.  
INSERT INTO db_name@catalog_name.public.customers VALUES  
(1, 'John Smith', 'john@email.com', 'US', 1000.00),  
(2, 'Jane Doe', 'jane@email.com', 'EU', 500.00),  
(3, 'Mike Johnson', 'mike@email.com', 'US', 2000.00);  

-- Grant basic table access.  
GRANT ALL ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers TO PUBLIC;  

-- Create lookup table for region-based policies.  
CREATE TABLE db_name@catalog_name.public.lookup_regions (  
    region_code VARCHAR(20),  
    allowed BOOLEAN  
);  

INSERT INTO db_name@catalog_name.public.lookup_regions VALUES   
('US', TRUE),   
('EU', FALSE),   
('APAC', TRUE);  

GRANT ALL ON db_name@catalog_name.public.lookup_regions TO PUBLIC;  

-- Create lookup table for revenue-based masking.  
CREATE TABLE db_name@catalog_name.public.lookup_revenue_tiers (base_revenue INTEGER);  

INSERT INTO db_name@catalog_name.public.lookup_revenue_tiers VALUES (1000), (2000);  
GRANT ALL ON db_name@catalog_name.public.lookup_revenue_tiers TO PUBLIC;
```

## Configuración de permisos por columna (CLP)
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-clp"></a>

Configure el acceso por columna para diferentes usuarios a fin de controlar a qué columnas pueden acceder los usuarios.

```
-- Grant specific column access to Analyst i.e. `alice`.  
GRANT SELECT (id, region) ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers  
    TO "IAMR:Analyst";  

-- Grant different column access to Operator i.e. `oscar`.  
GRANT SELECT (id, name, revenue) ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers  
    TO "IAMR:operator";
```

## Creación de políticas de seguridad a nivel de fila (RLS)
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-rls"></a>

Cree políticas de RLS para controlar qué filas pueden ver los usuarios en función de sus concesiones y condiciones de datos.

```
-- Switch to admin user to create policies.  
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION sierra;  

-- Create simple RLS policy: Analysts see only US customers.  
CREATE RLS POLICY db_name@catalog_name.us_only   
WITH (region VARCHAR(20))   
USING (region = 'US');  

-- Attach the policy to the Analyst i.e. `alice`.  
ATTACH RLS POLICY db_name@catalog_name.us_only   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers   
TO "IAMR:Analyst";  

-- Enable row level security on the table.  
ALTER TABLE db_name@catalog_name.public.customers ROW LEVEL SECURITY ON;  

-- Create advanced RLS policy using lookup table.  
CREATE RLS POLICY db_name@catalog_name.region_lookup_policy  
WITH (region VARCHAR(20)) AS r  
USING (r.region IN (  
    SELECT region_code   
    FROM public.lookup_regions   
    WHERE allowed = TRUE  
));  

-- Attach the lookup-based policy to Operator i.e. `oscar`.  
ATTACH RLS POLICY db_name@catalog_name.region_lookup_policy   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers   
TO "IAMR:Operator";
```

## Creación de políticas de enmascaramiento dinámico de datos (DDM)
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-ddm"></a>

Cree políticas de enmascaramiento para ocultar la información confidencial en función de los roles y las condiciones de los usuarios.

```
-- Create masking policy for PII data (names and emails).  
CREATE MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.mask_pii   
WITH (DATA VARCHAR(100))  
USING (SHA2(DATA + 'secret', 256)::TEXT);  

-- Attach masking to name and email columns for all users.  
ATTACH MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.mask_pii   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers (name)   
TO PUBLIC;  

ATTACH MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.mask_pii   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers (email)   
TO PUBLIC;  

-- Create conditional masking policy for revenue data.  
CREATE MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.conditional_mask  
WITH (revenue DECIMAL(10,2))  
USING (CASE WHEN revenue IN (SELECT base_revenue  
                                    FROM public.lookup_revenue_tiers)  
            THEN revenue ELSE 0.00 END);  

-- Attach conditional masking to Analyst i.e. `alice` with priority.  
ATTACH MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.conditional_mask   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers (revenue)   
TO "IAMR:Analyst"   
PRIORITY 20;
```

## Auditoría de políticas aplicadas/disponibles
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-audit"></a>

Utilice los comandos SHOW para confirmar que las políticas de gobernanza están configuradas correctamente.

```
-- Show all RLS policies in the database.  
SHOW RLS POLICIES FROM DATABASE db_name@catalog_name LIMIT 10;  

-- Show RLS policies for specific users and tables.  
SHOW RLS POLICIES ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers FOR "IAMR:Analyst" LIMIT 10;  
SHOW RLS POLICIES ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers FOR "IAMR:Operator" LIMIT 10;  
SHOW RLS POLICIES ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers FOR PUBLIC LIMIT 10;  

-- Show all masking policies in the database.  
SHOW MASKING POLICIES FROM DATABASE db_name@catalog_name LIMIT 10;  

-- Show Masking policies for specific users and tables.  
SHOW MASKING POLICIES ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers FOR "IAMR:Analyst" LIMIT 10;  
SHOW MASKING POLICIES ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers FOR "IAMR:Operator" LIMIT 10;  
SHOW MASKING POLICIES ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers FOR PUBLIC LIMIT 10;
```

## Prueba de patrones de acceso
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-testing"></a>

Pruebe cómo ven los datos los diferentes usuarios en función de sus roles y políticas aplicadas.

```
-- Test as analyst: Only US customers, only id/region columns,  
-- conditional revenue masking.  
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION alice;  
SELECT id, region FROM db_name@catalog_name.public.customers ORDER BY id;  
SELECT id, region, revenue FROM db_name@catalog_name.public.customers ORDER BY id;  

-- Test as operator: Allowed regions only, masked names, specific columns.  
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION oscar;  
SELECT id, name, revenue FROM db_name@catalog_name.public.customers ORDER BY id;  
SELECT id, name, region FROM db_name@catalog_name.public.customers ORDER BY id;  

-- Test as admin: Full access to all data.  
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION sierra;  
SELECT * FROM db_name@catalog_name.public.customers ORDER BY id;
```

## Modificación de políticas
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-alter"></a>

Modifique las políticas existentes para cambiar su comportamiento sin volver a crearlas.

```
-- Switch back to admin user.  
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION sierra;  

-- Alter the PII masking policy to use simple string replacement.  
ALTER MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.mask_pii  
USING ('***MASKED***'::TEXT);  

-- Alter the conditional masking policy to use different threshold.  
ALTER MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.conditional_mask  
USING (CASE WHEN revenue >= 500.00 THEN revenue ELSE -1.00 END);  

-- Alter the RLS policy to show only disallowed regions.  
ALTER RLS POLICY db_name@catalog_name.region_lookup_policy  
USING (r.region IN (  
    SELECT region_code   
    FROM db_name@catalog_name.public.lookup_regions   
    WHERE allowed = FALSE  
));
```

## Separación y eliminación de políticas
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-detach"></a>

Elimine las políticas cuando ya no sean necesarias.

```
-- Detach RLS policies from users.  
DETACH RLS POLICY db_name@catalog_name.us_only   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers   
FROM "IAMR:Analyst";  

DETACH RLS POLICY db_name@catalog_name.region_lookup_policy   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers   
FROM "IAMR:Operator";  

-- Detach masking policies.  
DETACH MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.mask_pii   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers (name)   
FROM PUBLIC;  

DETACH MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.mask_pii   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers (email)   
FROM PUBLIC;  

DETACH MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.conditional_mask   
ON db_name@catalog_name.public.customers (revenue)   
FROM "IAMR:Analyst";
```

## Limpieza: desactive la RLS y elimine las políticas
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-cleanup"></a>

```
-- Turn off Row-level security.  
ALTER TABLE db_name@catalog_name.public.customers ROW LEVEL SECURITY OFF;  

-- Drop policies.  
DROP RLS POLICY db_name@catalog_name.us_only CASCADE;  
DROP RLS POLICY db_name@catalog_name.region_lookup_policy CASCADE;  
DROP MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.mask_pii CASCADE;  
DROP MASKING POLICY db_name@catalog_name.conditional_mask CASCADE;  

-- Drop tables.  
DROP TABLE db_name@catalog_name.public.customers;  
DROP TABLE db_name@catalog_name.public.lookup_regions;  
DROP TABLE db_name@catalog_name.public.lookup_revenue_tiers;
```

## Restablecimiento de la identidad global
<a name="federated-permissions-end-examples-global"></a>

```
-- TO rest the global identity.  
ALTER USER alice RESET GLOBAL IDENTITY;  
ALTER USER oscar RESET GLOBAL IDENTITY;  
ALTER USER sierra RESET GLOBAL IDENTITY;
```