Weitere AWS SDK-Beispiele sind im GitHub Repo [AWS Doc SDK Examples](https://github.com/awsdocs/aws-doc-sdk-examples) verfügbar. Die vorliegende Übersetzung wurde maschinell erstellt. Im Falle eines Konflikts oder eines Widerspruchs zwischen dieser übersetzten Fassung und der englischen Fassung (einschließlich infolge von Verzögerungen bei der Übersetzung) ist die englische Fassung maßgeblich. # Erste Schritte mit Elastic Load Balancing Wie das aussehen kann, sehen Sie am nachfolgenden Beispielcode: + Erstellen eines Application Load Balancers + Erstellen einer Zielgruppe + Erstellen eines Listeners + Überprüfen Ihrer Konfiguration + Fügen Sie einen HTTPS-Listener hinzu (optional) + Fügen Sie pfadbasiertes Routing hinzu (optional) + Bereinigen von Ressourcen ------ #### [ Bash ] **AWS CLI mit Bash-Skript** Es gibt noch mehr dazu. GitHub Hier finden Sie das vollständige Beispiel und erfahren, wie Sie es im [Tutorials und Beispiele](https://github.com/aws-samples/sample-developer-tutorials/tree/main/tuts/058-elastic-load-balancing-gs)-Repository für Entwickler einrichten und ausführen. ``` #!/bin/bash # Elastic Load Balancing Getting Started Script - v2 # This script creates an Application Load Balancer with HTTP listener and target group set -euo pipefail # Set up logging LOG_FILE="elb-script-v2.log" exec > >(tee -a "$LOG_FILE") 2>&1 echo "Starting Elastic Load Balancing setup script at $(date)" echo "All commands and outputs will be logged to $LOG_FILE" # Function to handle errors handle_error() { echo "ERROR: $1" >&2 echo "Attempting to clean up resources..." cleanup_resources exit 1 } # Function to check AWS CLI command success check_command() { local output="$1" if [[ -z "$output" ]] || [[ "$output" == "None" ]]; then handle_error "AWS CLI command returned empty or invalid output" fi } # Function to validate ARN format validate_arn() { local arn="$1" if [[ ! "$arn" =~ ^arn:aws:[a-z0-9-]+:[a-z0-9-]*:[0-9]{12}:.+$ ]]; then handle_error "Invalid ARN format: $arn" fi } # Function to validate security group ID validate_security_group_id() { local sg_id="$1" if [[ ! "$sg_id" =~ ^sg-[a-f0-9]{8,17}$ ]]; then handle_error "Invalid security group ID format: $sg_id" fi } # Function to validate VPC ID validate_vpc_id() { local vpc_id="$1" if [[ ! "$vpc_id" =~ ^vpc-[a-f0-9]{8,17}$ ]]; then handle_error "Invalid VPC ID format: $vpc_id" fi } # Function to clean up resources cleanup_resources() { echo "Cleaning up resources in reverse order..." if [ -n "${LISTENER_ARN:-}" ]; then echo "Deleting listener: $LISTENER_ARN" aws elbv2 delete-listener --listener-arn "$LISTENER_ARN" 2>/dev/null || true fi if [ -n "${LOAD_BALANCER_ARN:-}" ]; then echo "Deleting load balancer: $LOAD_BALANCER_ARN" aws elbv2 delete-load-balancer --load-balancer-arn "$LOAD_BALANCER_ARN" 2>/dev/null || true # Wait for load balancer to be deleted before deleting target group echo "Waiting for load balancer to be deleted..." aws elbv2 wait load-balancers-deleted --load-balancer-arns "$LOAD_BALANCER_ARN" 2>/dev/null || true fi if [ -n "${TARGET_GROUP_ARN:-}" ]; then echo "Deleting target group: $TARGET_GROUP_ARN" aws elbv2 delete-target-group --target-group-arn "$TARGET_GROUP_ARN" 2>/dev/null || true fi if [ -n "${SECURITY_GROUP_ID:-}" ]; then echo "Waiting 30 seconds before deleting security group to ensure all dependencies are removed..." sleep 30 echo "Deleting security group: $SECURITY_GROUP_ID" local sg_delete_output sg_delete_output=$(aws ec2 delete-security-group --group-id "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID" 2>&1 || true) local retry_count=0 local max_retries=5 while echo "$sg_delete_output" | grep -i "DependencyViolation" > /dev/null && [ $retry_count -lt $max_retries ]; do retry_count=$((retry_count+1)) echo "Security group still has dependencies. Retrying in 30 seconds... (Attempt $retry_count of $max_retries)" sleep 30 sg_delete_output=$(aws ec2 delete-security-group --group-id "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID" 2>&1 || true) done if echo "$sg_delete_output" | grep -i "error" > /dev/null; then echo "WARNING: Could not delete security group: $SECURITY_GROUP_ID" >&2 echo "You may need to delete it manually using: aws ec2 delete-security-group --group-id $SECURITY_GROUP_ID" else echo "Security group deleted successfully." fi fi } # Generate a random identifier for resource names RANDOM_ID=$(openssl rand -hex 4) RESOURCE_PREFIX="elb-demo-${RANDOM_ID}" # Verify AWS CLI is available if ! command -v aws &> /dev/null; then handle_error "AWS CLI is not installed or not in PATH" fi # Step 1: Verify AWS CLI support for Elastic Load Balancing echo "Verifying AWS CLI support for Elastic Load Balancing..." if ! aws elbv2 help > /dev/null 2>&1; then handle_error "AWS CLI does not support elbv2 commands. Please update your AWS CLI." fi # Step 2: Get VPC ID and subnet information echo "Retrieving VPC information..." VPC_INFO=$(aws ec2 describe-vpcs --filters "Name=isDefault,Values=true" --query "Vpcs[0].VpcId" --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "") check_command "$VPC_INFO" VPC_ID="$VPC_INFO" validate_vpc_id "$VPC_ID" echo "Using VPC: $VPC_ID" # Get two subnets from different Availability Zones echo "Retrieving subnet information..." SUBNET_INFO=$(aws ec2 describe-subnets --filters "Name=vpc-id,Values=$VPC_ID" --query "Subnets[0:2].SubnetId" --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "") check_command "$SUBNET_INFO" # Convert space-separated list to array read -r -a SUBNETS <<< "$SUBNET_INFO" if [ ${#SUBNETS[@]} -lt 2 ]; then handle_error "Need at least 2 subnets in different Availability Zones. Found: ${#SUBNETS[@]}" fi echo "Using subnets: ${SUBNETS[0]} and ${SUBNETS[1]}" # Step 3: Create a security group for the load balancer echo "Creating security group for the load balancer..." SG_INFO=$(aws ec2 create-security-group \ --group-name "${RESOURCE_PREFIX}-sg" \ --description "Security group for ELB demo" \ --vpc-id "$VPC_ID" \ --tag-specifications 'ResourceType=security-group,Tags=[{Key=project,Value=doc-smith},{Key=tutorial,Value=elastic-load-balancing-gs}]' \ --query "GroupId" --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "") check_command "$SG_INFO" SECURITY_GROUP_ID="$SG_INFO" validate_security_group_id "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID" echo "Created security group: $SECURITY_GROUP_ID" # Add inbound rule to allow HTTP traffic echo "Adding inbound rule to allow HTTP traffic..." aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \ --group-id "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID" \ --protocol tcp \ --port 80 \ --cidr "0.0.0.0/0" > /dev/null 2>&1 || handle_error "Failed to authorize security group ingress" echo "WARNING: Security group allows HTTP from 0.0.0.0/0. In production, restrict to specific IP addresses." >&2 # Step 4: Create the load balancer echo "Creating Application Load Balancer..." LB_INFO=$(aws elbv2 create-load-balancer \ --name "${RESOURCE_PREFIX}-lb" \ --subnets "${SUBNETS[0]}" "${SUBNETS[1]}" \ --security-groups "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID" \ --tags Key=project,Value=doc-smith Key=tutorial,Value=elastic-load-balancing-gs \ --query "LoadBalancers[0].LoadBalancerArn" --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "") check_command "$LB_INFO" LOAD_BALANCER_ARN="$LB_INFO" validate_arn "$LOAD_BALANCER_ARN" echo "Created load balancer: $LOAD_BALANCER_ARN" # Wait for the load balancer to be active echo "Waiting for load balancer to become active..." if ! aws elbv2 wait load-balancer-available --load-balancer-arns "$LOAD_BALANCER_ARN" 2>/dev/null; then handle_error "Load balancer did not reach active state within timeout period" fi # Step 5: Create a target group echo "Creating target group..." TG_INFO=$(aws elbv2 create-target-group \ --name "${RESOURCE_PREFIX}-targets" \ --protocol HTTP \ --port 80 \ --vpc-id "$VPC_ID" \ --target-type instance \ --tags Key=project,Value=doc-smith Key=tutorial,Value=elastic-load-balancing-gs \ --query "TargetGroups[0].TargetGroupArn" --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "") check_command "$TG_INFO" TARGET_GROUP_ARN="$TG_INFO" validate_arn "$TARGET_GROUP_ARN" echo "Created target group: $TARGET_GROUP_ARN" # Step 6: Find EC2 instances to register as targets echo "Looking for available EC2 instances to register as targets..." INSTANCES=$(aws ec2 describe-instances \ --filters "Name=vpc-id,Values=$VPC_ID" "Name=instance-state-name,Values=running" \ --query "Reservations[*].Instances[*].InstanceId" --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "") # Convert space-separated list to array read -r -a INSTANCE_IDS <<< "$INSTANCES" if [ ${#INSTANCE_IDS[@]} -eq 0 ]; then echo "No running instances found in VPC $VPC_ID." echo "You will need to register targets manually after launching instances." else # Step 7: Register targets with the target group (up to 2 instances) echo "Registering targets with the target group..." target_args=() for i in "${!INSTANCE_IDS[@]}"; do if [ "$i" -lt 2 ]; then target_args+=("Id=${INSTANCE_IDS[$i]}") fi done if [ ${#target_args[@]} -gt 0 ]; then if aws elbv2 register-targets \ --target-group-arn "$TARGET_GROUP_ARN" \ --targets "${target_args[@]}" 2>/dev/null; then echo "Registered instances: ${target_args[*]}" else handle_error "Failed to register targets" fi fi fi # Step 8: Create a listener echo "Creating HTTP listener..." LISTENER_INFO=$(aws elbv2 create-listener \ --load-balancer-arn "$LOAD_BALANCER_ARN" \ --protocol HTTP \ --port 80 \ --default-actions Type=forward,TargetGroupArn="$TARGET_GROUP_ARN" \ --tags Key=project,Value=doc-smith Key=tutorial,Value=elastic-load-balancing-gs \ --query "Listeners[0].ListenerArn" --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "") check_command "$LISTENER_INFO" LISTENER_ARN="$LISTENER_INFO" validate_arn "$LISTENER_ARN" echo "Created listener: $LISTENER_ARN" # Step 9: Verify target health echo "Verifying target health..." aws elbv2 describe-target-health --target-group-arn "$TARGET_GROUP_ARN" 2>/dev/null || true # Display load balancer DNS name LB_DNS=$(aws elbv2 describe-load-balancers \ --load-balancer-arns "$LOAD_BALANCER_ARN" \ --query "LoadBalancers[0].DNSName" --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "") check_command "$LB_DNS" echo "" echo "==============================================" echo "SETUP COMPLETE" echo "==============================================" echo "Load Balancer DNS Name: $LB_DNS" echo "" echo "Resources created:" echo "- Load Balancer: $LOAD_BALANCER_ARN" echo "- Target Group: $TARGET_GROUP_ARN" echo "- Listener: $LISTENER_ARN" echo "- Security Group: $SECURITY_GROUP_ID" echo "" # Prompt for cleanup confirmation echo "==============================================" echo "CLEANUP CONFIRMATION" echo "==============================================" read -p "Do you want to clean up all created resources? (y/n): " -r CLEANUP_CHOICE if [[ "$CLEANUP_CHOICE" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then echo "Starting cleanup process..." cleanup_resources echo "Cleanup completed." else echo "Resources have been preserved." echo "To clean up later, run the following commands:" echo "aws elbv2 delete-listener --listener-arn $LISTENER_ARN" echo "aws elbv2 delete-load-balancer --load-balancer-arn $LOAD_BALANCER_ARN" echo "aws elbv2 wait load-balancers-deleted --load-balancer-arns $LOAD_BALANCER_ARN" echo "aws elbv2 delete-target-group --target-group-arn $TARGET_GROUP_ARN" echo "aws ec2 delete-security-group --group-id $SECURITY_GROUP_ID" fi echo "Script completed at $(date)" ``` + Weitere API-Informationen finden Sie in den folgenden Themen der *AWS CLI -Befehlsreferenz*. + [AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress) + [CreateListener](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/elasticloadbalancingv2-2015-12-01/CreateListener) + [CreateLoadBalancer](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/elasticloadbalancingv2-2015-12-01/CreateLoadBalancer) + [CreateSecurityGroup](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/CreateSecurityGroup) + [CreateTargetGroup](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/elasticloadbalancingv2-2015-12-01/CreateTargetGroup) + [DeleteListener](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/elasticloadbalancingv2-2015-12-01/DeleteListener) + [DeleteLoadBalancer](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/elasticloadbalancingv2-2015-12-01/DeleteLoadBalancer) + [DeleteSecurityGroup](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/DeleteSecurityGroup) + [DeleteTargetGroup](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/elasticloadbalancingv2-2015-12-01/DeleteTargetGroup) + [DescribeInstances](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/DescribeInstances) + [DescribeLoadBalancers](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/elasticloadbalancingv2-2015-12-01/DescribeLoadBalancers) + [DescribeSubnets](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/DescribeSubnets) + [DescribeTargetHealth](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/elasticloadbalancingv2-2015-12-01/DescribeTargetHealth) + [DescribeVpcs](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/DescribeVpcs) + [Hilfe](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/elasticloadbalancingv2-2015-12-01/Help) + [RegisterTargets](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/elasticloadbalancingv2-2015-12-01/RegisterTargets) + [Wait](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/elasticloadbalancingv2-2015-12-01/Wait) ------