There are more AWS SDK examples available in the [AWS Doc SDK Examples](https://github.com/awsdocs/aws-doc-sdk-examples) GitHub repo.

# Getting started with Batch and Fargate
<a name="batch_example_fargate_GettingStarted_section"></a>

The following code example shows how to:
+ Create an IAM execution role
+ Create a compute environment
+ Create a job queue
+ Create a job definition
+ Clean up resources

------
#### [ Bash ]

**AWS CLI with Bash script**  
 There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the [Sample developer tutorials](https://github.com/aws-samples/sample-developer-tutorials/tree/main/tuts/011-getting-started-batch-fargate) repository. 

```
#!/bin/bash

# AWS Batch Fargate Getting Started Script - Security Hardened Version
# This script demonstrates creating AWS Batch resources with Fargate orchestration
#

set -euo pipefail  # Exit on any error, undefined variables, and pipe failures

# Configuration
SCRIPT_NAME="batch-fargate-tutorial"
LOG_FILE="${SCRIPT_NAME}-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).log"
RANDOM_SUFFIX=$(openssl rand -hex 6)
COMPUTE_ENV_NAME="batch-fargate-compute-${RANDOM_SUFFIX}"
JOB_QUEUE_NAME="batch-fargate-queue-${RANDOM_SUFFIX}"
JOB_DEF_NAME="batch-fargate-jobdef-${RANDOM_SUFFIX}"
JOB_NAME="batch-hello-world-${RANDOM_SUFFIX}"
ROLE_NAME="BatchEcsTaskExecutionRole-${RANDOM_SUFFIX}"
TRUST_POLICY_FILE="batch-trust-policy-${RANDOM_SUFFIX}.json"

# Security: Set restrictive umask
umask 0077

# Array to track created resources for cleanup
CREATED_RESOURCES=()

# Logging function with sanitization
log() {
    local message="${1//[$'\t\r\n']/}"
    echo "[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] ${message}" | tee -a "${LOG_FILE}"
}

# Error handling function
handle_error() {
    log "ERROR: Script failed at line $1"
    log "Attempting to clean up resources created so far..."
    cleanup_resources
    exit 1
}

# Set up error handling
trap 'handle_error ${LINENO}' ERR

# Validate AWS credentials
validate_aws_credentials() {
    if ! aws sts get-caller-identity &>/dev/null; then
        log "ERROR: AWS credentials are not configured or invalid"
        exit 1
    fi
}

# Function to wait for resource to be ready
wait_for_compute_env() {
    local env_name="${1}"
    local max_attempts=60
    local attempt=0
    
    log "Waiting for compute environment ${env_name} to be VALID..."
    
    while [ ${attempt} -lt ${max_attempts} ]; do
        local status
        status=$(aws batch describe-compute-environments \
            --compute-environments "${env_name}" \
            --query 'computeEnvironments[0].status' \
            --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "NOT_FOUND")
        
        if [ "${status}" = "VALID" ]; then
            log "Compute environment ${env_name} is ready"
            return 0
        elif [ "${status}" = "INVALID" ] || [ "${status}" = "NOT_FOUND" ]; then
            log "ERROR: Compute environment ${env_name} failed to create properly"
            return 1
        fi
        
        log "Compute environment status: ${status}. Waiting 10 seconds..."
        sleep 10
        ((attempt++))
    done
    
    log "ERROR: Timeout waiting for compute environment ${env_name}"
    return 1
}

# Function to wait for job queue to be ready
wait_for_job_queue() {
    local queue_name="${1}"
    local max_attempts=60
    local attempt=0
    
    log "Waiting for job queue ${queue_name} to be VALID..."
    
    while [ ${attempt} -lt ${max_attempts} ]; do
        local state
        state=$(aws batch describe-job-queues \
            --job-queues "${queue_name}" \
            --query 'jobQueues[0].state' \
            --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "NOT_FOUND")
        
        if [ "${state}" = "ENABLED" ]; then
            log "Job queue ${queue_name} is ready"
            return 0
        elif [ "${state}" = "DISABLED" ] || [ "${state}" = "NOT_FOUND" ]; then
            log "ERROR: Job queue ${queue_name} failed to create properly"
            return 1
        fi
        
        log "Job queue state: ${state}. Waiting 10 seconds..."
        sleep 10
        ((attempt++))
    done
    
    log "ERROR: Timeout waiting for job queue ${queue_name}"
    return 1
}

# Function to wait for job completion
wait_for_job() {
    local job_id="${1}"
    local max_attempts=120
    local attempt=0
    
    log "Waiting for job ${job_id} to complete..."
    
    while [ ${attempt} -lt ${max_attempts} ]; do
        local status
        status=$(aws batch describe-jobs \
            --jobs "${job_id}" \
            --query 'jobs[0].status' \
            --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "NOT_FOUND")
        
        if [ "${status}" = "SUCCEEDED" ]; then
            log "Job ${job_id} completed successfully"
            return 0
        elif [ "${status}" = "FAILED" ]; then
            log "ERROR: Job ${job_id} failed"
            return 1
        fi
        
        log "Job status: ${status}. Waiting 30 seconds..."
        sleep 30
        ((attempt++))
    done
    
    log "ERROR: Timeout waiting for job ${job_id}"
    return 1
}

# Function to wait for resource state before deletion
wait_for_resource_state() {
    local resource_type="${1}"
    local resource_name="${2}"
    local expected_state="${3}"
    local max_attempts=30
    local attempt=0
    
    log "Waiting for ${resource_type} ${resource_name} to reach state: ${expected_state}"
    
    while [ ${attempt} -lt ${max_attempts} ]; do
        local current_state=""
        
        case "${resource_type}" in
            "JOB_QUEUE")
                current_state=$(aws batch describe-job-queues \
                    --job-queues "${resource_name}" \
                    --query 'jobQueues[0].state' \
                    --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "NOT_FOUND")
                ;;
            "COMPUTE_ENV")
                current_state=$(aws batch describe-compute-environments \
                    --compute-environments "${resource_name}" \
                    --query 'computeEnvironments[0].status' \
                    --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "NOT_FOUND")
                ;;
            *)
                log "WARNING: Unknown resource type: ${resource_type}"
                return 1
                ;;
        esac
        
        if [ "${current_state}" = "${expected_state}" ]; then
            log "${resource_type} ${resource_name} is now in state: ${expected_state}"
            return 0
        fi
        
        log "${resource_type} ${resource_name} state: ${current_state} (waiting for ${expected_state})"
        sleep 10
        ((attempt++))
    done
    
    log "WARNING: ${resource_type} ${resource_name} did not reach expected state after ${max_attempts} attempts"
    return 1
}

# Cleanup function
cleanup_resources() {
    log "Starting cleanup of created resources..."
    
    # Clean up in reverse order of creation
    for ((i=${#CREATED_RESOURCES[@]}-1; i>=0; i--)); do
        local resource="${CREATED_RESOURCES[i]}"
        local resource_type
        local resource_name
        
        resource_type=$(echo "${resource}" | cut -d: -f1)
        resource_name=$(echo "${resource}" | cut -d: -f2-)
        
        log "Cleaning up ${resource_type}: ${resource_name}"
        
        case "${resource_type}" in
            "JOB_QUEUE")
                aws batch update-job-queue --job-queue "${resource_name}" --state DISABLED 2>/dev/null || true
                wait_for_resource_state "JOB_QUEUE" "${resource_name}" "DISABLED" || true
                aws batch delete-job-queue --job-queue "${resource_name}" 2>/dev/null || true
                ;;
            "COMPUTE_ENV")
                aws batch update-compute-environment --compute-environment "${resource_name}" --state DISABLED 2>/dev/null || true
                wait_for_resource_state "COMPUTE_ENV" "${resource_name}" "DISABLED" || true
                aws batch delete-compute-environment --compute-environment "${resource_name}" 2>/dev/null || true
                ;;
            "IAM_ROLE")
                aws iam detach-role-policy --role-name "${resource_name}" --policy-arn "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AmazonECSTaskExecutionRolePolicy" 2>/dev/null || true
                aws iam delete-role --role-name "${resource_name}" 2>/dev/null || true
                ;;
            "FILE")
                rm -f "${resource_name}" 2>/dev/null || true
                ;;
            *)
                log "WARNING: Unknown resource type for cleanup: ${resource_type}"
                ;;
        esac
    done
    
    log "Cleanup completed"
}

# Validate input parameters
validate_inputs() {
    if [ -z "${ACCOUNT_ID:-}" ]; then
        log "ERROR: ACCOUNT_ID is not set"
        return 1
    fi
    
    if [ -z "${DEFAULT_VPC:-}" ]; then
        log "ERROR: DEFAULT_VPC is not set"
        return 1
    fi
    
    if [ -z "${SUBNETS:-}" ]; then
        log "ERROR: SUBNETS is not set"
        return 1
    fi
}

# Validate container image format
validate_container_image() {
    local image="${1}"
    
    # Check if image contains any shell metacharacters that could be dangerous
    if [[ "${image}" =~ [';$`|&<>()[]{}\\'] ]]; then
        log "ERROR: Container image contains potentially dangerous characters: ${image}"
        return 1
    fi
    
    # Basic ECR/Docker image format validation
    if ! [[ "${image}" =~ ^[a-zA-Z0-9._/:-]+$ ]]; then
        log "ERROR: Container image format is invalid: ${image}"
        return 1
    fi
    
    return 0
}

# Main script execution
main() {
    log "Starting AWS Batch Fargate tutorial script - Security Hardened Version"
    log "Log file: ${LOG_FILE}"
    
    # Validate AWS credentials
    validate_aws_credentials
    
    # Get AWS account ID
    log "Getting AWS account ID..."
    local ACCOUNT_ID
    ACCOUNT_ID=$(aws sts get-caller-identity --query Account --output text)
    if [ -z "${ACCOUNT_ID}" ] || [ "${ACCOUNT_ID}" = "None" ]; then
        log "ERROR: Could not retrieve AWS account ID"
        exit 1
    fi
    log "Account ID: ${ACCOUNT_ID}"
    
    # Get default VPC and subnets
    log "Getting default VPC and subnets..."
    local DEFAULT_VPC
    DEFAULT_VPC=$(aws ec2 describe-vpcs \
        --filters "Name=is-default,Values=true" \
        --query 'Vpcs[0].VpcId' \
        --output text)
    
    if [ "${DEFAULT_VPC}" = "None" ] || [ "${DEFAULT_VPC}" = "null" ] || [ -z "${DEFAULT_VPC}" ]; then
        log "ERROR: No default VPC found. Please create a VPC first."
        exit 1
    fi
    
    log "Default VPC: ${DEFAULT_VPC}"
    
    # Get subnets in the default VPC
    local SUBNETS
    SUBNETS=$(aws ec2 describe-subnets \
        --filters "Name=vpc-id,Values=${DEFAULT_VPC}" \
        --query 'Subnets[*].SubnetId' \
        --output text)
    
    if [ -z "${SUBNETS}" ]; then
        log "ERROR: No subnets found in default VPC"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    # Convert tab/space-separated subnets to JSON array format
    local SUBNET_ARRAY
    SUBNET_ARRAY=$(echo "${SUBNETS}" | tr '\t ' '\n' | sed 's/^/"/;s/$/"/' | paste -sd ',' -)
    log "Subnets: ${SUBNETS}"
    log "Subnet array: [${SUBNET_ARRAY}]"
    
    # Get default security group for the VPC
    local DEFAULT_SG
    DEFAULT_SG=$(aws ec2 describe-security-groups \
        --filters "Name=vpc-id,Values=${DEFAULT_VPC}" "Name=group-name,Values=default" \
        --query 'SecurityGroups[0].GroupId' \
        --output text)
    
    if [ "${DEFAULT_SG}" = "None" ] || [ "${DEFAULT_SG}" = "null" ] || [ -z "${DEFAULT_SG}" ]; then
        log "ERROR: No default security group found in VPC"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    log "Default security group: ${DEFAULT_SG}"
    
    # Step 1: Create IAM execution role
    log "Step 1: Creating IAM execution role..."
    
    # Create trust policy document with proper escaping
    cat > "${TRUST_POLICY_FILE}" << 'EOFPOLICY'
{
  "Version":"2012-10-17",		 	 	 
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {
        "Service": "ecs-tasks.amazonaws.com"
      },
      "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
    }
  ]
}
EOFPOLICY
    CREATED_RESOURCES+=("FILE:${TRUST_POLICY_FILE}")
    
    # Validate trust policy file before using it
    if ! jq empty "${TRUST_POLICY_FILE}" 2>/dev/null; then
        log "ERROR: Trust policy file is not valid JSON"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    # Create the role
    aws iam create-role \
        --role-name "${ROLE_NAME}" \
        --assume-role-policy-document "file://${TRUST_POLICY_FILE}"
    aws iam tag-role --role-name "${ROLE_NAME}" --tags Key=project,Value=doc-smith Key=tutorial,Value=getting-started-batch-fargate
    CREATED_RESOURCES+=("IAM_ROLE:${ROLE_NAME}")
    
    # Attach policy
    aws iam attach-role-policy \
        --role-name "${ROLE_NAME}" \
        --policy-arn "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AmazonECSTaskExecutionRolePolicy"
    
    log "IAM role created: ${ROLE_NAME}"
    
    # Wait for IAM role propagation
    log "Waiting for IAM role propagation (15 seconds)..."
    sleep 15
    
    # Step 2: Create compute environment
    log "Step 2: Creating Fargate compute environment..."
    
    aws batch create-compute-environment \
        --compute-environment-name "${COMPUTE_ENV_NAME}" \
        --type MANAGED \
        --state ENABLED \
        --tags project=doc-smith,tutorial=getting-started-batch-fargate \
        --compute-resources "{
            \"type\": \"FARGATE\",
            \"maxvCpus\": 256,
            \"subnets\": [${SUBNET_ARRAY}],
            \"securityGroupIds\": [\"${DEFAULT_SG}\"]
        }"
    CREATED_RESOURCES+=("COMPUTE_ENV:${COMPUTE_ENV_NAME}")
    
    # Wait for compute environment to be ready
    if ! wait_for_compute_env "${COMPUTE_ENV_NAME}"; then
        log "ERROR: Compute environment failed to reach VALID state"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    # Step 3: Create job queue
    log "Step 3: Creating job queue..."
    
    aws batch create-job-queue \
        --job-queue-name "${JOB_QUEUE_NAME}" \
        --state ENABLED \
        --priority 900 \
        --tags project=doc-smith,tutorial=getting-started-batch-fargate \
        --compute-environment-order "order=1,computeEnvironment=${COMPUTE_ENV_NAME}"
    CREATED_RESOURCES+=("JOB_QUEUE:${JOB_QUEUE_NAME}")
    
    # Wait for job queue to be ready
    if ! wait_for_job_queue "${JOB_QUEUE_NAME}"; then
        log "ERROR: Job queue failed to reach ENABLED state"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    # Step 4: Create job definition
    log "Step 4: Creating job definition..."
    
    local CONTAINER_IMAGE="busybox:latest"
    validate_container_image "${CONTAINER_IMAGE}"
    
    aws batch register-job-definition \
        --job-definition-name "${JOB_DEF_NAME}" \
        --type container \
        --platform-capabilities FARGATE \
        --container-properties "{
            \"image\": \"${CONTAINER_IMAGE}\",
            \"resourceRequirements\": [
                {\"type\": \"VCPU\", \"value\": \"0.25\"},
                {\"type\": \"MEMORY\", \"value\": \"512\"}
            ],
            \"command\": [\"echo\", \"hello world\"],
            \"networkConfiguration\": {
                \"assignPublicIp\": \"DISABLED\"
            },
            \"executionRoleArn\": \"arn:aws:iam::${ACCOUNT_ID}:role/${ROLE_NAME}\"
        }"
    
    log "Job definition created: ${JOB_DEF_NAME}"
    
    # Step 5: Submit job
    log "Step 5: Submitting job..."
    
    local JOB_ID
    JOB_ID=$(aws batch submit-job \
        --job-name "${JOB_NAME}" \
        --job-queue "${JOB_QUEUE_NAME}" \
        --job-definition "${JOB_DEF_NAME}" \
        --query 'jobId' \
        --output text)
    
    if [ -z "${JOB_ID}" ] || [ "${JOB_ID}" = "None" ]; then
        log "ERROR: Failed to submit job"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    log "Job submitted with ID: ${JOB_ID}"
    
    # Step 6: Wait for job completion and view output
    log "Step 6: Waiting for job completion..."
    if ! wait_for_job "${JOB_ID}"; then
        log "ERROR: Job failed or timed out"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    # Get log stream name
    log "Getting job logs..."
    local LOG_STREAM
    LOG_STREAM=$(aws batch describe-jobs \
        --jobs "${JOB_ID}" \
        --query 'jobs[0].attempts[0].taskProperties.containers[0].logStreamName' \
        --output text)
    
    if [ "${LOG_STREAM}" != "None" ] && [ "${LOG_STREAM}" != "null" ] && [ -n "${LOG_STREAM}" ]; then
        log "Log stream: ${LOG_STREAM}"
        log "Job output:"
        aws logs get-log-events \
            --log-group-name "/aws/batch/job" \
            --log-stream-name "${LOG_STREAM}" \
            --query 'events[*].message' \
            --output text 2>/dev/null | tee -a "${LOG_FILE}" || true
    else
        log "No log stream available for job"
    fi
    
    log "Tutorial completed successfully!"
    
    # Show created resources
    echo ""
    echo "==========================================="
    echo "CREATED RESOURCES"
    echo "==========================================="
    echo "The following resources were created:"
    for resource in "${CREATED_RESOURCES[@]}"; do
        echo "  - ${resource}"
    done
    echo ""
    echo "==========================================="
    echo "CLEANUP"
    echo "==========================================="
    
    cleanup_resources
    log "All resources have been cleaned up"
}

# Run main function
main "$@"
```
+ For API details, see the following topics in *AWS CLI Command Reference*.
  + [CreateComputeEnvironment](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/batch-2016-08-10/CreateComputeEnvironment)
  + [CreateJobQueue](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/batch-2016-08-10/CreateJobQueue)
  + [DeleteComputeEnvironment](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/batch-2016-08-10/DeleteComputeEnvironment)
  + [DeleteJobQueue](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/batch-2016-08-10/DeleteJobQueue)
  + [DescribeComputeEnvironments](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/batch-2016-08-10/DescribeComputeEnvironments)
  + [DescribeJobQueues](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/batch-2016-08-10/DescribeJobQueues)
  + [DescribeJobs](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/batch-2016-08-10/DescribeJobs)
  + [RegisterJobDefinition](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/batch-2016-08-10/RegisterJobDefinition)
  + [SubmitJob](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/batch-2016-08-10/SubmitJob)
  + [UpdateComputeEnvironment](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/batch-2016-08-10/UpdateComputeEnvironment)
  + [UpdateJobQueue](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/batch-2016-08-10/UpdateJobQueue)

------