# Point-in-time backups for DynamoDB
<a name="Point-in-time-recovery"></a>

Amazon DynamoDB point-in-time recovery (PITR) provides automatic continuous backups of your DynamoDB table data. Point-in-time recovery (PITR) backups are fully managed by DynamoDB and provide up to 35 days of recovery points at a per second granularity. With point-in-time recovery, you don't have to worry about creating, maintaining, or scheduling on-demand backups. This section provides an overview of how the process works in DynamoDB.

## Before you begin
<a name="Point-in-time-before-beginning"></a>

Before you enable point-in-time recovery (PITR) on an Amazon DynamoDB table, consider the following:
+ Setting the `RecoveryPeriodinDays` allows you to shorten the time period for which continuous backups are taken. By default, your `RecoveryPeriodinDays` is 35. However, you can set it to be any value between 1 and 35. Shortening the `RecoveryPeriodinDays` has no impact on PITR pricing because the price is based on the size of table and local secondary indexes. 
+ If you disable point-in-time recovery and later re-enable it on a table, you reset the start time for which you can recover that table. As a result, you can only immediately restore that table using the `LatestRestorableDateTime`.
+ You can enable point-in-time recovery on each local replica of a global table. When you restore the table, the backup restores to an independent table that is not part of the global table. If you are using [Global Tables version 2019.11.21 (Current)](GlobalTables.md) of global tables, you can create a new global table from the restored table. For more information, see [How DynamoDB global tables work](V2globaltables_HowItWorks.md).
+ You can also restore your DynamoDB table data across AWS Regions such that the restored table is created in a different Region from where the source table resides. You can do cross-Region restores between AWS commercial Regions, AWS China Regions, and AWS GovCloud (US) Regions. You pay only for the data you transfer out of the source Region and for restoring to a new table in the destination Region.
+ AWS CloudTrail logs all console and API actions for point-in-time recovery to enable logging, continuous monitoring, and auditing. For more information, see [Logging DynamoDB operations by using AWS CloudTrail](logging-using-cloudtrail.md).

**Topics**
+ [Before you begin](#Point-in-time-before-beginning)
+ [Enable point-in-time recovery in DynamoDB](PointInTimeRecovery_Howitworks.md)

# Enable point-in-time recovery in DynamoDB
<a name="PointInTimeRecovery_Howitworks"></a>

Amazon DynamoDB point-in-time recovery (PITR) provides automatic backups of your DynamoDB table data. This section provides an overview of how the process works in DynamoDB.

**Note**  
DynamoDB charges for PITR based on the size of each DynamoDB table, including table data and local secondary indexes. Changing the recovery window (for example, from 35 days to 1 day) doesn't reduce the price. The cost remains the same regardless of the recovery period you choose. The configured maximum recovery period doesn't impact the price you're charged for turning on PITR. To determine your backup charges, DynamoDB continuously monitors the size of the tables that have PITR turned on. You're billed for PITR usage until you turn off PITR for each table.

**Topics**
+ [Enabling point-in-time recovery](#howitworks_enabling)
+ [Enable PITR (console)](#howitworks-enable-pitr-console)
+ [Enable PITR (AWS CLI)](#howitworks-enable-pitr-cli)
+ [Enable PITR (CloudFormation)](#howitworks-enable-pitr-cfn)
+ [Enable PITR (API)](#howitworks-enable-pitr-api)
+ [Recovery Period](#howitworks-pitr-recovery-period)
+ [Edit PITR](#howitworks-pitr-editing)
+ [Delete a table with PITR enabled](#howitworks-pitr-deleting-table)

## Enabling point-in-time recovery
<a name="howitworks_enabling"></a>

You can enable point-in-time recovery using the AWS Management Console, AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI), or the DynamoDB API. When enabled, point-in-time recovery provides continuous backups until you explicitly turn it off.

After you enable point-in-time recovery, you can restore to any point in time within `EarliestRestorableDateTime` and `LatestRestorableDateTime`. `LatestRestorableDateTime` is typically five minutes before the current time. For more information, see [Restoring a DynamoDB table to a point in time](PointInTimeRecovery.Tutorial.md).

**Note**  
The point-in-time recovery process always restores to a new table.

## Enable PITR (console)
<a name="howitworks-enable-pitr-console"></a>

**To enable PITR using the DynamoDB console**

1. Navigate to the DynamoDB console.

1. Choose **Tables** from the left navigation and select your DynamoDB table.

1. From the **Backups** tab, for the **Point in Time Recovery** option, choose **Edit**.

1. Choose **Turn on point-in-time recovery**.

1. Choose a value between 1 and 35 for your backup recovery period. This indicates the maximum time period for which the continuous backup is recoverable.

## Enable PITR (AWS CLI)
<a name="howitworks-enable-pitr-cli"></a>

**Note**  
If you receive errors when running AWS CLI commands, see [Troubleshoot AWS CLI errors](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-chap-troubleshooting.html). Make sure you're using the most recent AWS CLI version.

Run the [update-continuous-backups](https://awscli.amazonaws.com/v2/documentation/api/latest/reference/dynamodb/update-continuous-backups.html) command with the **point-in-time-recovery-specification** setting turned on:

```
aws dynamodb update-continuous-backups \
--table-name Music \
--point-in-time-recovery-specification PointInTimeRecoveryEnabled=true,RecoveryPeriodInDays=35
```

## Enable PITR (CloudFormation)
<a name="howitworks-enable-pitr-cfn"></a>

Use the [AWS::DynamoDB::Table](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-dynamodb-table.html) resource with the `PointInTimeRecoverySpecification` property turned on:

```
Resources:
  iotCatalog:
    Type: AWS::DynamoDB::Table
      Properties:
      ...
      PointInTimeRecoverySpecification:
        PointInTimeRecoveryEnabled: true
        RecoveryPeriodInDays: 35
```

**Request syntax example:**

```
{
   "PointInTimeRecoverySpecification": { 
      "PointInTimeRecoveryEnabled": boolean,
      "RecoveryPeriodInDays: number
   },
   "TableName": "string"
}
```

## Enable PITR (API)
<a name="howitworks-enable-pitr-api"></a>

Run the [UpdateContinuousBackups](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/APIReference/API_UpdateContinuousBackups.html) API operation with the `PointInTimeRecoverySpecification` parameter turned on.

**Request syntax example:**

```
{
   "PointInTimeRecoverySpecification": { 
      "PointInTimeRecoveryEnabled": boolean,
      "RecoveryPeriodInDays" : number
   },
   "TableName": "string"
}
```

**Response syntax example:**

```
{
   "ContinuousBackupsDescription": { 
      "ContinuousBackupsStatus": "string",
      "PointInTimeRecoveryDescription": { 
         "PointInTimeRecoveryStatus": "string",
         "EarliestRestorableDateTime": number,
         "RecoveryPeriodInDays": number,
         "LatestRestorableDateTime": number
      }
   }
}
```

**Python**

```
import boto3

dynamodb = boto3.client('dynamodb')

response = dynamodb.update_continuous_backups(
    TableName=<table_name>,
    PointInTimeRecoverySpecification={
        'PointInTimeRecoveryEnabled': True,
        'RecoveryPeriodInDays': 35
    }
)
```

## Recovery Period
<a name="howitworks-pitr-recovery-period"></a>

You can set the recovery period for continuous backups to be any number between 1 and 35 days. This `RecoveryPeriodInDays` determines the time period for which your continuous backups are maintained. For example, if you set this value to be 30 days, you'll only have the ability to restore your table to any point in time from the past 30 days.

**Note**  
DynamoDB charges for PITR based on the size of each DynamoDB table, including table data and local secondary indexes. The configured maximum recovery period doesn't impact the price you're charged for turning on PITR. For details on pricing, see [DynamoDB pricing](https://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb/pricing/on-demand/).

## Edit PITR
<a name="howitworks-pitr-editing"></a>

You can edit the PITR setting on your table and change the recovery period. If you change the recovery period and increase it to a value higher than previously set, your `EarliestRestorePoint` will not change immediately. Since the recovery period is a rolling window, DynamoDB will continue to take automatic backups until the new increased period reached. If you change the recovery period and decrease it to a value lower than previously set, your `EarliestRestorePoint` will immediately decrease to match your recovery period, and any continuous backups that fall outside of the new set value will not be recoverable.

## Delete a table with PITR enabled
<a name="howitworks-pitr-deleting-table"></a>

When you delete a table that has point-in-time recovery enabled, DynamoDB automatically creates a backup snapshot called a *system backup* and retains it for 35 days (at no additional cost). You can use the system backup to restore the deleted table to the state it was in before deletion. All system backups follow a standard naming convention of *table-name*`$DeletedTableBackup`.

**Note**  
Once a table with point-in-time recovery enabled is deleted, you can use system backup to restore that table to a single point in time. The system backup will be created upon table deletion, and is a snapshot of the table right before the table is deleted.